井地电法地表电场分布规律模型试验研究

为研究井地电法在确定异常体边界时电场的分布规律,笔者对室内水槽固定位置的低阻体(铜板)直接供电,并对充电低阻体形成的电场在地表的电位分布特征进行观测。研究不同方向电位分布特征,及进行线性拟合建立电位梯度曲线,分析异常体不同方向上的电位梯度变化规律,确定该低阻体的边界特征。模拟实验表明,电位梯度曲线在异常体的边界会出现明显的拐点,与电位分布图的对比表明,电位梯度曲线在异常体边界的变化可以作为识别异常体边界的标志。     

一种基于双频非差GNSS相位数据的周跳实时探测与修复方法

在TurboEdit方法的基础上,提出一种双频非差GNSS相位数据周跳实时探测与修复算法。在MW组合中,根据卫星高度角进行定权并结合移动窗口递推计算宽巷模糊度。在电离层残差组合的基础上进行历元间二次差分,以更好地减弱电离层残差对周跳检验量的影响。当探测出存在周跳的历元之后,采用搜索法进行修复。通过采用30 s的静态数据和1 s的动态数据,并在观测数据中模拟加入小周跳、大周跳对该方法分别进行测试。结果表明,该方法可正确实现周跳的实时探测与修复。     

多基线差分雷达干涉测量的大型人工线状地物形变监测

大型人工线状地物是人类改造自然的产物,同人类生活息息相关。本文从大型人工线状地物定义出发,阐述了其形变现象、成因及衍生灾害;并利用多基线差分雷达干涉测量技术(DifferentialSyntheticApertureRadarInterferometry,DInSAR)实施大型人工线状地物形变监测。通过多数据源实验(ENVISATASAR,广州;PALSAR,香港大屿山;TerraSAR-X,深圳),分析了当前高级DInSAR方法,包括永久散射体和相干目标法在监测大型人工线状地物形变上的能力。实验结果表明,采用了不同的影像干涉对组合策略,永久散射体法适合大数据量SAR影像处理,而相干目标法适合小数据量SAR影像分析。微波穿透性和垂直临界基线随波长增加而增加。因此,在波段选择上,低相干区宜选用长波SAR数据(比如ALOSPALSAR)以获取稳健反演结果;而高相干区宜选用短波TerraSAR-X或者ENVISATASAR数据,以获取高精度地表形变场。结合线状地物几何和物理特性,分别从先验基础GIS/GPS数据、SAR数据源选择、PS点提取和模型改进四方面进行分析和探讨,认为面向线状地物形变监测多基线DInSAR模型的研发是亟待解决的问题。     

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Experimental study on dispersive soil in western Jilin

In order to research engineering geological properties of the soil in Zhenlai of western Jilin, especially the dispersivity of soil, the authors carried out the basic physicochemical test and dispersivity identification test. The results show that the dispersivity of the soil increases with the increase of depth within 0-30 cm ( surface soil) ; it decreases as the depth increases within in 30-100 cm. Furthermore, the statistical analysis of the dispersivity indexes and physicochemical propertity indexes show that the DP is positively linear correlated with total soluble salt content, sodium ion content, ESP, pH and organic matter content. Meanwhile, it is negatively linear correlated with clay content, and the linear relationship is better. Through the study of the dispersion mechanism of soil samples, it can be concluded that sodium montmorillonite, higher percentage of exchangeable sodium and high pH are the main reasons for the dispersion of soils in western Jilin.     

广义线性高程拟合法在物探中的应用

地球物理勘探工作需要三维坐标为其定位,尤其是重力勘探,对高程有较高的要求。作为一种先进的现代化测量技术,GPS能实时提供高精度的平面坐标,但因其使用W G S-84坐标系统,高程为大地高,没有实际的地球物理意义。地球物理勘探用的是正常高,故GPS测量的大地高无法直接使用。若联测高程,不仅增加工作难度,时间成本和经济成本也将大大增加。本文以长江中下游某些地区地球物理矿产勘查为例,介绍利用广义线性拟合法来获取高程。该模型不仅能对拟合结果进行评价,亦能评价模型参数的优劣。     

数字化射线扫描成像中的图像评价与控制初探

数字射线技术正获得越来越广泛的应用,并成为射线检测技术的发展趋势。但目前有关数字射线技术的标准对于图像质量控制方面的规定还相对简单,难于进行有效的质量控制,因而在实际检测中可能出现较大的随意性而影响检测结果评判。使用互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)线阵列射线探测器与阶梯试块进行射线检测实验,得到了不同厚度所对应的灰度图像,测试了影像对比度,同时分析了图像的信噪比和检测灵敏度。通过对实验结果的综合对比分析,提出了数字化射线检测图像质量控制措施。     

An improvement to linear‐elastic procedures for seismic performance assessment

An improved linear‐elastic analysis procedure is developed in this paper as a simple approximate method for displacement‐based seismic assessment of the existing buildings. The procedure is mainly based on reducing the stiffness of structural members that are expected to respond in the inelastic range in a single global iteration step. Modal spectral displacement demands are determined from the equal displacement rule. Response predictions obtained from the proposed procedure are evaluated comparatively by using the results of benchmark nonlinear response history analysis, and both the conventional and the multi‐mode pushover analyses. In comparative evaluations, a twelve‐story RC plane frame and a six‐story unsymmetrical‐plan RC frame are employed by using 91 ground motion components. It is observed that the proposed procedure estimates the flexural deformation demands in deformation‐controlled members and the shear forces in force‐controlled members with reasonable accuracy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of soil non-linearity on the dynamic response of high-speed railway tracks

The main objectives of this paper are the evaluation of the relevance of the non-linear behaviour of the soil on the track response and the validation of a methodology, which includes these effects through an equivalent linear analysis. The proposed numerical model is based on 2.5D finite/infinite elements method, coupled with an iterative procedure in order to obtain an agreement between the strain levels and the dynamic properties of the materials. In order to validate the model, the case study of Ledsgard was simulated, and the experimental and numerical results of displacements of the track were compared, considering several circulation speeds for the X2000 train. From the results, it is possible to recognize that the stiffness degradation, function of the strain level, plays a relevant role for the case of high-speed railway lines on soft ground. Moreover, the simulations developed with the proposed methodology provided similar results to those observed, independently of the train speed, contrary to what was obtained when the elastic linear model was used.     

线性方程组在ＧＰＳ坐标转换中的应用

手持GPS的出现给各个行业导航定位带来了极大的便利。而不同的坐标系统需要在使用中随时变化,利用统计法线性方程组求解手持GPS平面坐标参数,是一条解决手持GPS坐标系统的便捷方法。