多目标规划在哈尔滨市地下水资源管理中的应用

建立了哈尔滨市地下水资源优化管理模型 ,将求解多目标最优化问题的约束法和线性加权法相结合 ,给出了一种综合解法 ,并将此法应用于所建立的水资源优化管理模型的求解。其结果可为该地区地下水资源的管理提供有参考价值的科学依据。     

Pounding of structures modelled as non‐linear impacts of two oscillators

A new formulation is proposed to model pounding between two adjacent structures, with natural periods T₁ and T₂ and damping ratios ζ₁ and ζ₂ under harmonic earthquake excitation, as non‐linear Hertzian impact between two single‐degree‐of‐freedom oscillators. For the case of rigid impacts, a special case of our analytical solution has been given by Davis (‘Pounding of buildings modelled by an impact oscillator’ Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 1992; 21 :253–274) for an oscillator pounding on a stationary barrier. Our analytical predictions for rigid impacts agree qualitatively with our numerical simulations for non‐rigid impacts. When the difference in natural periods between the two oscillators increases, the impact velocity also increases drastically. The impact velocity spectrum is, however, relatively insensitive to the standoff distance. The maximum relative impact velocity of the coupled system can occur at an excitation period T_n^* which is either between those of the two oscillators or less than both of them, depending on the ratios T₁/T₂ and ζ₁/ζ₂. Although the pounding force between two oscillators has been primarily modelled by the Hertz contact law, parametric studies show that the maximum relative impact velocity is not very sensitive to changes in the contact parameters. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of response and energy in actively controlled structures

A computational method of energy evaluation is derived to study the elastic responses and energy distribution of actively controlled single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) structures during earthquakes. Contrary to the common perception that applying active control force pumps energy into the structure, the applied control force can actually reduce the energy in the structure by reducing the input energy from earthquakes to the structure. In addition, applying control force can dissipate a large amount of energy in the structure when this control force is applied in the direction opposite to the displacement and velocity responses. To demonstrate this energy mechanism in active controlled structures, the two most popular control algorithms, optimal linear control (OLC) and instantaneous optimal control (IOC) algorithms, are used to calculate the control response and energy spectra. One‐step time delay is incorporated into the algorithms to take into consideration the practical aspect of active control. The effects of different earthquakes and damping ratios on control energy and response spectra are studied. These studies show that both OLC and IOC are very effective in reducing the structural displacement and velocity responses by reducing the input earthquake energy as well as dissipating a large amount of energy in the structure. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effectiveness of structural control based on control energy perspectives

A computational algorithm for maximizing the control efficiency in actively controlling the elastic structural responses during earthquake is proposed. Study of optimal linear control using a single degree of freedom shows that applying active control is very effective in reducing the structural displacement and velocity responses for long‐period structures, but at the same time it has an adverse effect in increasing the absolute acceleration response. The extent of this adverse effect reduces the effectiveness of the control system, and therefore it poses a limit on the maximum control force in order to provide maximum control efficiency. In view of this shortcoming, maximum control energy dissipation is used to define the most effective optimal linear control law. Less displacement and velocity response are expected as larger control force is applied, but there is always a limit that maximum control energy can be dissipated. This study shows that this limit depends on the structural characteristics as well as the input ground motion, and a general trend is that the maximum control energy decreases as damping increases. Finally, application of the proposed algorithm on a six‐storey hospital building is presented to show the effectiveness of using optimal linear control on a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system from the control energy perspectives. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于关系数据库的地形图符号库的设计

根据地形图符号的特点，给出了地形图符号的分类和定义，并根据地形图符号的构造函数设计了基于关系数据库的地形图符号库。点线面符号均采用关系数据库的记录描述，从而使得符号的配置独立于具体的符号和图形，同一程序基本上可完成所有符号的绘制，方便了符号库的维护和更新，本符号库以ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ Ｆｏｒ Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ作为图形环境，用Ｂｏｒｌａｎｄ Ｃ＋＋作为开发工具开发。     

环境制图中数量特征的表示方法研究

对环境制图中反映数量特征的定点符号法,包括几种连续和分级比率符号、非比率分级符号以及相关内容数量特征的表示进行了具体分析比较.对表示要素数量特征面状分布的网格法和等值线法,也结合实例进行了评述.     

自回归总径流线性响应模型在洪水预报中的应用

采用自回归总径流线性响应(ATLR)模型建立淮河王家坝站洪水预报方案和海河流域南运河水系洪水预报调度方案.自回归TLR模型与TLR模型加误差自回归实时校正模型的结构相同,但前者计算简捷,预报精度也有所提高.     

重力资料的三维密度反演

分别论述了在空间域与频率域中由重力资料反演三维密度分布的理论及其实现的方法,并提出了一种简便、实用的频率域三维密度反演算法。     

基于伴随方法的线性台阵背景噪声面波和远震体波联合成像研究

伴随层析成像（Adjoint Tomography）通过求解全波方程来准确模拟地震波在复杂介质中的传播,并利用波形信息来反演地下结构,是新一代的高分辨率成像方法.其中3-D伴随层析成像需要庞大的计算资源,而2-D反演相对更具计算效率.面波和远震体波是研究地壳上地幔速度结构的重要方法,它们对S波速度及Moho面的敏感度不同,通过联合反演,可以得到更为准确的S波速度结构及Moho面.通过两种数据的高度互补性,本文提出基于伴随方法的线性台阵背景噪声面波和远震体波联合成像方法,同时约束台阵下方S波速度结构及Moho面形态.我们将该方法应用到符合华北克拉通岩石圈典型结构特征的理论模型上,测试结果表明联合反演方法优势明显,相比于面波伴随层析成像,能获得更高分辨率的S波速度结构,同时能精准约束Moho面形态.相比于体波伴随层析成像,联合反演能有效压制高频假象,降低波形反演过程中的非线性化程度.本研究有望提供一种更为高效精准的线性台阵成像方法,搭建联合伴随层析成像理论框架,提升岩石圈成像分辨率,并为后续其他类型波形数据的引入提供思路和方法.     

双线偏振雷达的降水估测Ⅰ. 排序配对逼近法

提出使用新的途径──排序配对逼近法得出的双线偏振雷达降水估测ＺＲ关系参数因子比线性拟合法具有更好的代表性,且能体现提高区域降水估测精度,也能根据实际情形采用其它的误差类型作为获取及衡量参数的标准。对指数函数形式的ＺＲ关系来说,其参数因子Ａ０,ＡＨ及ＡＤＲ分别为０．０１６８４,０．０９６和－０．４１６５。该方法可以推广应用到多个变元及参数因子的复杂函数中。