地形图扫描数字化精度分析

本文分析了地形图扫描数字化的误差来源，讨论了误差控制方法及质量控制指标，探讨了成果数据相对于地形原图的位置精度，具有一定实用价值。     

观测有效性的度量方法

基于Hilbert空间理论 ,通过对观测方程的系数阵实施格拉姆_施密特 (Gram_Schmidt,G_S)正交化过程 ,分析观测的两个特性 ,从一个新的角度论证了参数估计的必要观测问题 ,以及多余观测与必要观测的关系 ;用欧氏范数‖·‖2 和Frobenius‖·‖ F 范数作为基本度量工具对观测提供参数估计的信息量进行度量分析 ,研究观测的有效性和参数估计的可靠性。采用观测空间分析方法研究了测绘学科中必要观测、多余观测等基本概念 ;提出了观测信息量、观测有效性的概念和相应的度量方法 ;从观测的空间结构出发分析参数估计系统的可靠性 ,从一个侧面扩展和丰富了测绘学中的可靠性理论 ;丰富了研究测绘学中一些基本问题的分析方法 ,也为信息学中的数据挖掘问题提供了一种分析思路     

测量误差与测量不确定度表述方法的研究

研究了国家计量技术规范－－《测量不确定度评定与表示》（JJF1059－1999）与测量数据处理的误差理论的区别与联系。讨论了如何依照JJF1059－1999的规定，完整、准确地评价和描述测量结果。     

利用卫星测高空间技术建立数字化海洋

论述了卫星测高空间技术的主要特征、科学意义及其在军事和经济建设领域的重要价值，阐明了国内外测高卫星系统的发展现状及利用卫星测高空间技术建立数字化海洋所取得的成果，分析卫星测高目前的研究方向，提出了发展我国卫星测高空间技术以及利用该技术建立数字化海洋的一些建议。     

地图投影的最小二乘二元多项式拟合的误差估计

探讨了在地图投影的最小二乘二元多项式拟合中参考点的分布对拟合误差的影响,提出了一种基于矩阵的秩亏的方法来判断参考点是否在指定次数的二元多项式空间的代数曲线上,并导出在极小范数最小二乘意义下的拟合多项式的误差估计式,公式表明拟合误差和参考点的最小二乘误差无关。     

A Linear Programming Approach to Determine the Normative Composition of Sedimentary Rocks

The analysis of modal and normative composition of sedimentary rocks is widely used for studying their sources and tectonic settings. The normative calculation of the mineral composition of rocks in this study is formulated as a linear programming problem and is solved by means of the simplex method. This enables both simultaneous and successive subtraction of a set of basic minerals from a rock sample represented by its chemical composition {SiO₂...LOI}. Such an approach provides a more exact calculation of the contribution of basic minerals in the rock. This mathematical approach is used to study two representative sets of sandstones and fine-grained rocks from a Meso- to Neoproterozoic marginal basin of southeastern Siberia (Uchur–Maya region, Yakutia) and a Pennsylvanian-Lower Permian uplifted continental block in Colorado, USA. The calculated normative mineral compositions of the Siberian sandstones are consistent with the observed modal compositions. These sandstones vary from K- Feldspar rich arkoses at the base of the sequence (the Uchur Group, lower Riphean) to quartz arenites or lithic sandstones and wacke in transgressive successions of the middle-upper Riphean. Arkoses and quartz arenites are dominant in Meso- to Neoproterozoic Siberia. These samples represent craton interior uplifted basement and quartzose, recycled orogen provenance of a stable craton in Rodinia. There are higher but consistent discrepancies between the calculated and observed compositions for the Pennsylvanian to Lower-Permian arkoses and quartz arenites (Sangre de Cristo, Belden, and Maroon Formations). The differences between the predicted and observed mineralogy may be due to uncertainties in the modes in the matrix and cement of the sandstones. This normative program should supplement modal calculations and provide better genetic constructions, especially in case of matrix-rich sandstones.     

Smoothing and Change Point Detection for Gamma Ray Count Data

Gamma ray detectors are used to measure the natural radioactivity of rocks. For a number of boreholes drilled at a site the gamma ray detector is lowered into each borehole and counts of gamma ray emissions at different depths are recorded as the instrument is gradually raised to ground level. The profile of gamma counts can be informative about the geology at each location. The raw count data are highly variable, and in this paper we describe the use of adaptive smoothing techniques and change point models in order to identify changes in the geology based on the gamma logs. We formulate all our models for the data in the framework of the class of generalized linear models, and describe computational methods for Bayesian inference and model selection for generalized linear models that improve on existing techniques. Application is made to gamma ray data from the Castelreagh Waste Management Centre which served as a hazardous waste disposal facility for the Sydney region between March 1974 and August 1998. Understanding the geological structure of this site is important for further modelling the transport of pollutants beneath the waste disposal area.     

2002年7～8月海河流域面雨量预报的误差分析

对天津市气象台和河北省气象台在2002年7—8月的海河流域面雨量24h、48h预报进行了误差对比分析，列举了几种预报误差，并利用模糊数学中的综合评判法，计算了它们的模糊评分。结果表明：海河流域的面雨量预报有一定的可信度，把其作为水文模式的初值，有较高的利用价值；对于各气象台各自辖区内的预报，范围越小，预报越准确；在对面雨量预报效果的评估上，80％(或80)这一数值是客观、可信的。     

GPS与INSAR数据融合研究展望

分析了GPS与INSAR数据融合的必要性与可行性 ,讨论了GPS与INSAR数据融合存在的主要问题 ,进一步探讨了利用GPS数据改善INSAR相位解缠算法 ,利用GPS与INSAR数据融合建立水汽模型和大气层延迟误差改正模型 ,以及GPS高时间分辨率和高平面位置精度与INSAR高空间分辨率和高高程变形精度有效统一的问题。     

对地观测小卫星的相位噪声分析与控制

结合传输型对地观测小卫星一体化设计的特点，介绍了一种用于对地观测小卫星系统的锁相接收机的-构成及原理，并对系统的相位噪声性能进行了详尽的分析，提出了对其相位噪声进行技术控制的方法。通过文中的分析与研究，消除了由于对地观测小卫星相位噪声所引起的系统误码率的恶化，提高了系统的可靠性，为下一步对地观测小卫星的发展与应用打下了良好的技术基础。