辐射特征支持下的城市高分影像阴影校正

大量城市建筑使得高分影像中含有许多阴影区。这些阴影区在土地利用分类、植被绿度调查等遥感应用中会较大地影响结果精度,降低数据使用效率并增加研究成本。基于同一地物阴影区与临近非阴影区反射率相等这一辐射特征关系,通过建立辐射传输方程,发展了一种新的城市高分遥感影像阴影校正方法 RERB(Reflectance Equality Relationship Based Method)。利用RERB对不同城市(北京和荷兰Enschede)不同高分多光谱影像(Geo Eye-1和Quick Bird)进行阴影校正,并对比分析其与被广泛采用的均值方差变换法MVT(Mean and Variance Transformation)的校正结果,通过定性和定量精度评价发现:(1)RERB能很好地将城市阴影区影像视觉特征(颜色、纹理、色调等)信息恢复到与非阴影区同一水平上;(2)RERB恢复后的阴影区具有丰富的细节信息且在视觉上与临近非阴影区具有良好的一致性;(3)RERB恢复后的城市柏油路面和水泥路面阴影区辐射信息具有较低的误差,可见光-近红外波段的平均误差分别为7%和9%。同时RERB能较好地恢复城市阴影区植被波谱特征信息。     

单片卫星影像在航测测图中的利用

在边境测图过程中,经常遇到较大面积云层问题,使航测测图无法顺利进行。能充分利用的影像资源是第一次全国地理国情普查的影像,有国产高分2号、SPOT-6、资源3号等单片卫星影像,无立体像对影像。通过对国情普查的影像分析选取,选取一试验区域进行试验,用国产高分2号卫星影像与SPOT-6卫星影像组成立体像对测制地物地貌,用Worldview卫星立体像对影像测制同一区域的地物地貌,将两种影像源组成立体模型测制的地物地貌进行比较及精度统计,说明单片卫星影像在航测测图中达到的精度。     

A strip adjustment procedure to mitigate the impact of inaccurate mounting parameters in parallel lidar strips

Lidar (laser scanning) technology has been proven as a prominent technique for the acquisition of high-density and accurate topographic information. Because of systematic errors in the lidar measurements (drifts in the position and orientation information and biases in the mirror angles and ranges) and/or in the parameters relating the system components (mounting parameters), adjacent lidar strips may exhibit discrepancies. Although position and orientation drifts can have a more significant impact, these errors and their impact do not come as a surprise if the quality of the GPS/INS integration process is carefully examined. Therefore, the mounting errors are singled out in this work. The ideal solution for improving the compatibility of neighbouring strips in the presence of errors in the mounting parameters is the implementation of a rigorous calibration procedure. However, such a calibration requires the original observations, which may not be usually available. In this paper, a strip adjustment procedure to improve the compatibility between parallel lidar strips with moderate flight dynamics (for example, acquired by a fixed-wing aircraft) over an area with moderately varying elevation is proposed. The proposed method is similar to the photogrammetric block adjustment of independent models. Instead of point features, planar patches and linear features, which are represented by sets of non-conjugate points, are used for the strip adjustment. The feasibility and the performance of the proposed procedure together with its impact on subsequent activities are illustrated using experimental results from real data.     

Analysis and classification of hyperspectral data for mapping land degradation: An application in southern Spain

Desertification is a severe stage of land degradation, manifested by “desert-like” conditions in dryland areas. Climatic conditions together with geomorphologic processes help to mould desert-like soil surface features in arid zones. The identification of these soil features serves as a useful input for understanding the desertification process and land degradation as a whole. In the present study, imaging spectrometer data were used to detect and map desert-like surface features. Absorption feature parameters in the spectral region between 0.4 and 2.5 μm wavelengths were analysed and correlated with soil properties, such as soil colour, soil salinity, gypsum content, etc. Soil groupings were made based on their similarities and their spectral reflectance curves were studied. Distinct differences in the reflectance curves throughout the spectrum were exhibited between groups. Although the samples belonging to the same group shared common properties, the curves still showed differences within the same group.Characteristic reflectance curves of soil surface features were derived from spectral measurements both in the field and in the laboratory, and mean reflectance values derived from image pixels representing known features. Linear unmixing and spectral angle matching techniques were applied to assess their suitability in mapping surface features for land degradation studies. The study showed that linear unmixing provided more realistic results for mapping “desert-like” surface features than the spectral angle matching technique.     

GPS RTK点与城市导线精度匹配探讨

紧密结合现行的城市测量规范,分析了城市导线精度,从常规测角与量边概念探讨了GPS RTK点与城市导线匹配问题,并对全站仪检测RTK点位精度的观测数据,运用统计方法,分析了这个问题,进而讨论了当RTK点提供城市导线测量起算数据时,RTK点距离应满足的要求,为RTK在城市导线作业提供参考。     

基于Delaunay三角网的河流中线提取方法

鉴于水系自动综合中河系数据模型建立的复杂性,利用ArcObject提供的组件在双线河和狭长湖泊间构建约束的Delaunay三角网,继而提取其骨架线,从而得到双线河和狭长湖泊的中轴线,之后进行拓扑关系的保持,有效地简化了水系数据模型的建立,为后续的空间分析打下基础。     

一种拓扑保持的折线简化算法研究

通过分析Douglas-Peucker折线简化算法之不足,提出了一种基于二叉树数据结构的折线简化算法,解决了传统算法的自相交问题。对于GIS数据简化压缩及制图综合具有很高的实用价值。     

我国西部1∶5万地形图空白区地物解译研究——以西藏那曲其香错地区为例

我国西部部分地区1∶5万地形图数据尚未完成,给区域和国家经济发展带来极大不便。空间技术、计算机技术和信息技术的高速发展为遥感技术应用提供了技术支持,高分辨率影像获取能力的提高为大比例尺地物特征的提取提供了数据可能。本文采用SPOT5遥感影像,以1∶5万地形图图式标准为依据,进行青藏高原其香错地区地物判读,结果表明SPOT5能基本满足1∶5万地形图制图要求。为进一步提高判读结果,可采用多时相、多分辨率影像进行1∶5万地形图地物判读。     

GIS中直线元内插点精度及对误差带的影响

基于误差传播定律，考虑参数r误差影响，推导了线元内插点的精度计算公式，讨论内插点精度对线元误差带的影响，并对影响的结果进行了分析，得到了一些有益的结论。     

大广坝土坝放样及精度分析

本文介绍了土坝坡脚线放样方法，并对精度作了分析。