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61.
利用GPS技术测量点的平面位置可获得较高精度,但不能直接得到地面点的正常高,只能得到大地高。作者探讨了GPS高程拟合的精度与起算点的分布、整体拟合和分区拟合方法的选择、GPS高程拟合精度的分析等方法并提出了自己的见解,且通过铁岭县C级GPS网的高程拟合实例,介绍了该方法的具体应用。 相似文献
62.
ZhenMing Wu Lin Zhao Lin Liu Rui Zhu ZeShen Gao YongPing Qiao LiMing Tian HuaYun Zhou MeiZhen Xie 《寒旱区科学》2018,10(2):114-125
Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(D-In SAR) has been widely used to measure surface deformation over the Tibetan Plateau. However, the accuracy and applicability of the D-In SAR method are not well estimated due to the lack of in-situ validation. In this paper, we mapped the seasonal and long-term displacement of Tanggula(TGL) and Liangdaohe(LDH) permafrost regions with a stack of Sentinel-1 acquisitions using the Small Baseline Subset In SAR(SBAS-In SAR) method. In the TGL region, with its dry soils and sparse vegetation, the In SAR-derived surface-deformation trend was consistent with ground-based leveling results; long-term changes of the active layer showed a settlement rate of around 1 to 3 mm/a due to the melting of ground ice, indicating a degrading permafrost in this area. Around half of the deformation was picked up on monitoring, in contrast with in-situ measurements in LDH, implying that the D-In SAR method remarkably underestimated the surface-deformation. This phenomenon may be induced by the large soil-water content, high vegetation coverage, or a combination of these two factors in this region. This study demonstrates that surface deformation could be mapped accurately for a specific region with Sentinel-1 C-band data, such as in the TGL region.Moreover, although the D-In SAR technology provides an efficient solution for broad surface-deformation monitoring in permafrost regions, it shows a poor performance in the region with high soil-water content and dense vegetation coverage. 相似文献
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65.
Jean Poesen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(1):64-84
Soil erosion is a geomorphological and, at the same time, a land degradation process that may cause environmental and property damage, loss of livelihoods and services as well as social and economic disruption. Erosion not only lowers soil quality on‐site, but causes also significant sediment‐related problems off‐site. Given the large number of research papers on this topic, one might therefore conclude that we know now almost everything about soil erosion and its control so that little new knowledge can be added. This conclusion can be refuted by pointing to some major research gaps. There is a need for more research attention to (1) improved understanding of both natural and anthropogenic soil erosion processes and their interactions, (2) scaling up soil erosion processes and rates in space and time, and (3) innovative techniques and strategies to prevent soil erosion or reduce erosion rates. This is illustrated with various case studies from around the world. If future research addresses these research gaps, we will (1) better understand processes and their interactions operating at a range of spatial and temporal scales, predict their rates as well as their on‐site and off‐site impacts, which is academically spoken rewarding but also crucial for better targeting erosion control measures, and (2) we will be in a better position to select the most appropriate and effective soil erosion control techniques and strategies which are highly necessary for a sustainable use of soils in the Anthropocene. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
66.
Ordos block was squeezed by the Qinghai-Tibetan block and North China block, and the tectonic activity was intense. In the periphery of Ordos block, there was a series of folds zones and compressed faults with complicate structures. This paper used three-phase data of 1980,1990 and 2014 to calculate vertical velocity of Northwestern margin of Ordos and the analytical results indicated that ① the Hetao basin between the rise of Yinshan fault block and Ordos fault block showed relatively subsidence, in which Linhe basin was the most evident and the subsidence rate was about 2-4mm/a. The subsidence rate of Jartai -Yinchuan rift zone on the western margin of Ordos block was about 2mm/a; ② the whole testing zone exhibited the evident inherited movement characterized by mountain rise and basin subsidence; ③the two leveling section through the northern margin fault and Dengkou-Benjing fault showed that the difference between vertical velocities on two sides of the fault was less than 0.5mm/a. 相似文献
67.
从实际实施跨河水准测量的两种方法所得结果精度的比较,并利用三角高程测量单向观测的高差计算公式及对跨河水准测量的高差中数中误差进行的估算,验证了利用高精度全站仪实现高精度跨河水准测量的可靠性。 相似文献
68.
卡西欧fx-4800P计算器近年来普遍应用于工程测量工作中。针对卡西欧fx-4800P计算器具体特点,编制附合导线近似平差计算程序,并演示算例,可以提高计算准确率与工作效率。 相似文献
69.
分析了光电测距三角高程的误差,探讨了光电测距三角高程代替三等水准测量相关技术问题,给出了一些有益的结论。 相似文献
70.
结合大桥工程中跨河水准测量,分别运用常规的测距三角高程法和改进的测距三角高程法进行跨河水准测量,对结果进行比较和研究。 相似文献