EGM2008重力场模型在兴城物探测量中的应用

以吉林大学兴城物探教学实习测网为例,基于EGM2008重力场模型,采用二次曲面、移动曲线、最小二乘配置、三次样条和反距离加权改正插值法,计算了不同GPS水准点密度情况下的水准面模型,并利用二等水准测量方法验证了计算精度,分析了该模型的适定性。结果表明,三次样条插值法的精度和稳定性最高,其次是移动曲线法和最小二乘配置法;二次曲面拟合的精度最低,反距离加权改正法稳定性最差。所有算法都表明,在研究区,当GPS水准点间隔20 km时,基于EGM2008模型确定的大地水准面精度在0.1 m以内;而采用单独GPS水准点的区域大地水准面模型能达到14cm,完全满足各种比例尺情况下的石油物探测量要求。     

用水准资料计算剪应变公式的推导

严密推导了利用水准资料计算地壳垂直剖面内剪应变量的两套公式，并分别阐述了其不同的物理含义和地质含义。这两套公式分别表示垂直剖面内两组不同方向间的地壳表层的垂直剪应变，第一个模型表征地壳表层倾斜变化的程度，第二个模型表征地壳表层曲率变化的程度，二者从不同的侧面反映了地壳变化的状态。     

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北天山地区中强地震前跨断层形变强度异常特征分析

对新疆北天山地区跨断层流动水准观测资料进行整理,利用断层垂直活动速率求解断层形变异常强度值。基于其变化特征与北天山地区中强地震的对比研究发现,研究区域断层活动整体处于断层形变强度趋势增强的背景下,局部断层形变异常强度值超过指标阈值0.6时,可作为北天山地区中强地震的预测依据。     

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南京长江隧道三维测控系统设计

越江隧道精准化、信息化施工的基础是必须建立一套高可靠度、高精度的三维测控系统以及与之配套的科学观测程序。长江越江隧道三维测控系统如何构建是测绘界极有挑战性的一个课题,以南京长江越江隧道为例,介绍了长江越江隧道三维测控系统设计的基本方法,以及与之配套的科学观测程序。     

多期复测水准网和重力网的动态联合平差

在利用重力测量结果研究地壳垂直运动时，重力－高程因子的确定是一个需要研究的问题。本文提出利用多期复测水准网与重力网动态联合平差的方法，同时求解地壳垂直运动速率和重力－高程因子。利用此方法对北京地区１９８３－１９９１年的水准和重力复测结果进行了计算，结果表明：两类不同观测值的权比配置是恰当的，平差模型是正确的、重力－高程因子的分布符合一般规律。     

一种区域似大地水准面模型拟合方法分析

GPS技术结合(似)大地水准面模型,可快速高精度的获取测点正常高,因此精化区域(似)大地水准面成为各国家和地区建立现代高程基准的重要任务。利用GPS水准进行区域似大地水准面拟合,通过实验比较分析了二次多项式、三次多项式、多面函数、移动曲面模型,论证了各自模型的特点,实验结果表明:对于地势较平坦的实验区,以上几种方法拟合的区域似大地水准面精度都在4cm以内,都能满足一般工程应用的精度要求,其中移动曲面模型拟合的实验区似大地水准面最佳。     

电磁波测高方法在矿山开采沉陷中的应用研究

目前地表移动观测站仍然是矿山在采动影响下研究地表移动变形规律的有效技术手段。测绘新技术的发展与应用给地表移动观测站提供了各种先进的技术方法。本文介绍了地表移动观测站采集监测信息过程中,采用电磁波测高方法代替几何水准测量获取监测点高程信息的方法。通过实际观测试验与精度分析,此方法在技术上是可行的,在精度是允许的,大大简化了测量工序,提高了工作效率。     

Testing global geopotential models through comparison of a local quasi-geoid model with GPS/leveling data

The satellite missions CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) provide accurate data that are routinely inverted into spherical harmonic coefficients of the geopotential forming a global geopotential model (GGM). Mean square errors of these coefficients, in some cases even entire covariance matrices, are included in the GGM. Due to estimation procedures with a large redundancy and insufficiently propagated observation errors, they often do not represent the actual accuracy of the harmonic coefficients, thus also gravity field parameters synthesized from the respective GGM. Since in most cases standard methods validating the GGMs reached their limits, new procedures and independent data are being currently sought. This article discusses an alternative validation procedure based on comparison of the GGMs with independent data represented by a set of GPS/leveling stations. Due to a different spectral content of the height anomalies synthesized from the GGMs and of those derived by combination of GPS-based ellipsoidal and leveled normal heights, the GGM-based low frequency height anomaly is enhanced for a high frequency component computed from local ground gravity and elevation data. The methodology is applied on a set of selected points of the European Vertical Reference Network and Czech trigonometric stations. In accordance with similar tests based on entirely independent data of cross-over altimetry, obtained results seem to indicate low-frequency deficiencies in the current GGMs, namely in those estimated from data of single-satellite missions.