利奥波德的土地伦理观及其生态环境学意义

利奥波德土地伦理思想的主要贡献在于:1)提出了土地共同体概念并把伦理范畴扩展到人与土地共同体之间的关系,其目的是建立一种正确的人与土地的关系,即人与自然之间的和谐关系;2)构想了“生物区系金字塔”理论模型,借用生态学范畴(如“能量流”和“食物链”等)来说明自然体系的复杂性及运行机理。土地伦理观以生态学视角重新审视自然有机体,深化了人类对环境的认识并推进了美国和世界的环保实践。通过引证和逻辑分析方法,在概要介绍土地伦理思想内容的基础上对其生态环境学意义提出新的认识。     

核心期刊编辑更应强化服务意识

目前,核心期刊编辑的服务意识参差不齐,而强化服务意识对于推进我国文化软环境的建设,提高作者、读者的满意度和刊物的竞争力等方面有重要意义。可通过尊重、关爱作者,践行服务宗旨;把服务意识纳入评价指标;发挥媒介和舆论的督促作用,加强监督等途径来强化核心期刊编辑的服务意识。     

论中国海洋环境保护法律体系中的不足与完善对策

从实践和理论两方面分析了中国海洋保护环境法律体系中存在的问题,如立法不足和执法不严等;并提出通过加快立法,提高立法技术、明确各部门职责等完善法律体系的对策。从而为更好地保护海洋环境提供法律保障,促进海洋环境保护事业的发展。     

Identifying and Preventing Biopiracy in Australia: patent landscapes and legal geographies for plants with Indigenous Australian uses

There are legal and moral imperatives to protect biological resources and the ‘traditional knowledge’ associated with them. These imperatives derive from complex legal geographies: international law (such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol), State and federal laws, Indigenous customary law, codes of ethics and research protocols. This paper reports on a ‘patent landscape’ analysis of patents that refer to Australian plant species for which there is Indigenous Australian knowledge. We have identified several patents of potential new biopiracy concern. The paper highlights the way in which actors can gain private property monopolies over biological resources and associated traditional knowledge, even though there are overlapping sovereign rights and Indigenous rights claims. Regulatory gaps need to be closed nationally to fully govern the diverse human–plant bio-geographies in Australia. Further, Indigenous laws and governance have largely been ignored by these actors. We suggest that the introduction of ‘disclosure of origin’ requirements in patent applications, sui generis Indigenous knowledge protections, the development of biocultural protocols, and a more nationally consistent system for ‘access and benefit-sharing’ are required to ensure more ‘fair and equitable’ use of plants and Indigenous knowledge in/from Australia, and to ensure the recognition of Indigenous rights to knowledge.     

Cracking the Code: a legal geography and political ecological perspective on vegetation clearing regulations

ABSTRACT

In 2014, the New South Wales (NSW) state parliament passed legislation implementing a new Code of Practice (‘Code 10/50’) granting property owners in bushfire-prone areas the right to clear all trees within 10 m, and all vegetation within 50 m, of residences without prior approval from authorities. The Code is a significant departure from previous regimes which often required permits for vegetation clearance. The Code was introduced in direct response to bushfire threat in the wake of the 2013–14 bushfires in NSW. However, the Code has been plagued by controversy, with accusations of abuse in areas with little or no bushfire history, and a lack of any substantial environmental protections, particularly prior to a review in August 2015. In this paper we examine the debates surrounding the enactment of the Code and consider the way in which particular justifications for the Code permeated parliamentary deliberations. Our investigation relies on unpacking how the Code emerged in order to shed light on how a very controversial policy came into being. We adopt a legal geography approach, together with insights from political ecology, to demonstrate that changes in regulatory processes have the potential to fundamentally alter our landscapes.     

智利小规模金属采矿（SSM）业对环境影响与运营方式

智利小规模采选业因分布分散且缺乏相应的环保技术与资金投入,其对环境造成了一定的影响。在智利法律系统监管和支持下,该小规模采选业得到有序发展。同时,小规模金属采选业与智利法律规定的大中型矿产开发项目须完成试验性工业开采(即小规模开发实验)存在一定联系。本文通过调查智利中北部第三、第四和第六区小型开采规模的铜、金和银矿山,分析其生产经营过程中对环境的潜在影响因素,剖析小规模金属选场对智利环境带来的影响,总结金属矿小规模采选业的规范性运营方式,找出法律规定与产业运营的内在联系。建议我国企业在智利进行矿产勘探和可行性研究中重视小规模采选试验与规模性勘查工作的合理有序结合。     

循环经济的法律实施机制研究

循环经济是保证社会可持续发展的最佳发展模式，但是循环经济相对于传统经济是一场革命，在实施过程中会遇到阻力和困难。因此法律应该成为循环经济发展的主要保证机制。在社会生产过程中，强调生产者必须生产具备可循环性产品的义务机制；在社会贸易过程中，强调国家鼓励循环经济的经济激励法律制度；在社会消费过程中，强调公众对循环经济的参与法律机制。     

A Bibliography Of The Geographical Llterature On The American Indian, 1920–1971

The legal city and the urbanized area fail to depict accurately the physical area of urban development and therefore prevent an accurate calculation of population densities. When underbounding occurs, densities tend to be unrealistically high and with overbounding they are low. Delimitations made by air photo interpretation demonstrate that the physical city, measured on a 21/2 acre scale of generalization, provides a more accurate basis for calculating population densities of urban areas than either the legal city or urbanized area because the bounding problems are eliminated.