最小二乘法的改进算法辨识棱镜摄谱仪定标多项式

提出了采用最小二乘法的改进算法拟和一元非线性函数，并用该算法辨识棱镜摄谱仪的定标多项式-数值计算结果表明：采用改进的算法，非常显著地降低了求解定标多项式系数方程组的系数矩阵的条件数，定标多项式能更精确地反映谱平面坐标和谱线波长的定量关系。     

多层递阶回归分析

在经典多层递阶预报模型中,预报因子对模型的贡献大小主要取决于各因子间的相对量值差异,而与预报因子本身的实际预报价值关系甚微。本文针对这一缺陷,提出了一种回归分析与多层递阶方法相结合的统计预报模型——多层递阶回归分析。它既摒弃了经典统计理论中的固定参数预报模型,又较好地消除了由于变量间相对量值差异所造成的贡献差异,充分体现了高相关因子在预报模型中的重要作用。实例计算结果表明,多层递阶回归分析方法的预报效果明显优于经典多层递阶方法和回归分析。     

Determining Rayleigh damping parameters of soils for finite element analysis

Soil damping ratio is an important parameter for modelling the dynamic behaviour of soil embankment structures, especially for the micro‐vibration analysis of hospitals and high‐tech industries, which have a very severe construction requirement for vibration. This paper explores using a least‐squares method to evaluate the Rayleigh damping parameters for the finite element analysis of wave propagation in soils. The least‐squares method was first used in Bornitz's equation to calculate the absorption coefficients of soils. Afterward, the best‐fit Rayleigh damping parameters were obtained using those coefficients in the least‐squares scheme again. Both three‐dimensional finite element analyses and field experiments were performed to validate the accuracy of this method. The comparison between experimental and finite element results demonstrates that the accuracy of this least‐squares method is acceptable. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

反演奇异模型的参数估计的通用公式

将大地测量反演问题中的线性模型，综合为一般模型，称为反演奇异模型。运用最小二乘统一理论给出了反演奇异模型的参数和单位权方差通用估计公式，给出了这种模型的验前验后方差一致性检验方法。讨论了反演参数估计的有关问题。     

Suspended sediment yield and metal contamination in a river catchment affected by El Niño events and gold mining activities: the Puyango river basin,southern Ecuador

The suspended sediment yield and the transfer of polluted sediment are investigated for the Puyango river basin in southern Ecuador. This river system receives metal (Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn) and cyanide pollution generated by mining, and is associated with large‐scale hydrological variability, which is partly governed by El Niño events. Field sampling and statistical modelling methods are used to quantify the amount of mine tailings that is discharged into the basin. Annual suspended sediment yields are estimated using a novel combination of the suspended sediment rating method and Monte Carlo simulations, which allow for propagation of the uncertainties of the calculations that lead to final load estimates. Geochemical analysis of suspended and river bed sediment is used to assess the dispersion and long‐term fate of contaminated sediment within the river catchment. Knowledge of the inter‐ and intra‐annual variation in suspended sediment yield is shown to be crucial for judging the importance of mining discharges, and the extent to which the resultant pollution is diluted by river flows. In wet years, polluted sediments represent only a very small proportion of the yield estimates, but in dry years the proportion can be significant. Evidence shows that metal contaminated sediments are stored in the Puyango river bed during low flows. Large flood events flush this sediment periodically, both on an annual cycle associated with the rainy season, and also related to El Niño events. Therefore, environmental impacts of mining‐related discharges are more likely to be severe during dry years compared with wet years, and in the dry season rather than the wet season. The hydrological consequences of El Niño events are shown to depend upon the extent to which these events penetrate inland. It is, thus, shown that the general conclusion that El Niño events can significantly affect suspended sediment yields needs evaluation with respect to the particular way in which those events affect a given catchment. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

阻尼最小二乘法在射线追踪中的应用

利用弯曲法进行有倾角的层状介质的两点射线追踪，并采用改进的阻尼最小二乘法迭代求解。为了减小迭代初值的影响，采用分段线性插值调整迭代初值，使这种方法具有较好和较快的收敛性，对不同层数和倾角的层状介质均适用。     

THE PERFORMANCE OF LEAST SQUARES AND ROBUST REGRESSION IN THE CALIBRATION OF ANALYTICAL METHODS UNDER NON-NORMAL NOISE DISTRIBUTIONS

By means of Monte Carlo simulations a comparison has been made between ordinary least squaresregression and robust regression. The robust regression procedure is based on the Huber estimate and iscomputed by means of the iteratively reweighted least squares algorithm. The performance of bothprocedures has been evaluated for estimation of the parameters of a calibration function and fordetermination of the concentration of unknown samples. The influence of the distributionalcharacteristics skewness and kurtosis has been studied, and the number of measurements used forconstructing the calibration curve has also been taken into account, Under certain conditions robustregression offers an advantage over least squares regression.     

最小二乘谐波估计对GNSS坐标时间序列多路径效应提取能力的研究

在对比分析单元谐波估计与多元谐波估计这2种最小二乘谐波估计方法的数学原理及实现方法基础上,基于实际监测点的GNSS坐标时间序列,通过实验对比2种方法在提取多路径效应方面的效果.结果表明,单元谐波估计和多元谐波估计均能较好地提取多路径效应;在未发生数据中断的情况下,相比于单元谐波估计,多元谐波估计的去噪效果更明显,E、N...     

地磁场日变数据处理方法的探讨

基于地磁场日变规律的基本特性,介绍利用最小二乘法对其日变规律进行具体的讨论,并对其拟合精度进行评定;就短时间内而言,该方法对日变规律的模拟与外推,具有推广应用价值.     

关于贵州地下水类型和含水岩组划分及其与地下水资源量计算关系的思考

正确划分地下水含水岩组和地下水类型,对较为准确的计算地下水资源量具有重要意义。但在目前实际工作中,地下水含水岩组和地下水类型的划分存在一定误区,导致地下水资源量计算成果较为粗放,以至于还可能给地下水的开发利用带来障碍。笔者认为,间互状不纯碳酸盐岩类归属于基岩裂隙水含水岩组较恰当,其所含地下水类型归属于基岩裂隙水更合适。在计算间互状不纯碳酸盐岩类地下水资源量时,宜扣除泥岩、粉砂岩和页岩的分布面积。