激光扫描与无人机空地一体融合测量应用

测量是工程项目建设的重要基础,贯穿从规划设计、施工到竣工整个工程建设的全生命周期。近年来,越来越多的工程开始考虑全流程利用数字孪生进行项目管理应用。传统的测量方法存在外业周期长和成果抽象难等缺点,难以进行可视化表达。本文利用Trimble SX10三维影像激光扫描仪结合无人机进行空地一体融合测量,并总结了相应的技术方法和流程。与传统测量手段相比,本文方法不仅缩短了测绘周期,解决了夜间光学测绘的难题,成果还可数字可视化表达。     

LAGEOS卫星精密定轨及残差分析

介绍LAGEOS卫星用卫星激光测距(SLR)资料精密定轨和在精密定轨基础上的残差分析处理．SLR资料的分析处理方法、采用的力学模型和解参数的多少根据目标的不同而不同．对不同的方案进行了详细分析、比较．其关键是对LAGEOS卫星进行精密定轨．得出了目前上海天文台在SLR资料的分析处理中已采用的解算模式．作为例证，该解算模式分析处理了1998年12月31日至1999年6月29日LAGEOS卫星的SLR资料，得到每3天一个弧段的精密轨道．结果显示每3天一个弧段的定轨残差rms都小于2厘米．上海天文台从1999年10月1日开始了全球LAGEOS—l和LAGEOS—2资料的快速分析服务，结果可从APSG的网址：http：／／center．shao．ac．cn／APSG／result获得．     

基于全站仪交会测量的空间距离校准装置测量方法

空间距离标准装置是校准地面激光扫描仪的重要计量标准器,其标靶球的空间距离测量一直是其难点,目前大多是采用激光跟踪仪来测量。提出使用多台全站仪交会来进行标靶球的坐标测量,首先通过后方交会、免棱镜测量可以快速方便地得到特征点的概略坐标,然后通过互瞄建立定向基准,最后通过整体平差得到高精度的特征点坐标。实例证明,这套系统的精度优于0.1 mm,能够满足空间距离标准装置的校准精度要求。     

基于三维激光扫描技术的异型建筑物建筑面积竣工测量

异型建筑其外立面极不规则,采用常规的测量方法进行建筑面积竣工测量,效率极低且精度不高。三维激光扫描技术是近年发展起来的一项新兴的测绘技术,可以高精度、海量、快速地获取被测对象的三维坐标,构建出被测对象精确的三维立体模型,这项技术已广泛应用于各个行业。本文以重庆瑞安天地一期超高层建筑为例,研究了基于三维激光扫描技术的异型建筑物建筑面积竣工测量的方法。     

Focus3D三维扫描仪及其在数字化工厂中的应用

利用三维激光扫描仪获取的点云数据构建实体三维几何模型,基于三维数据库的数字化管理,通过点云与模型数据满足个性化的CAD成果需求.结合地理信息产业行业需求,应用新技术推动项目开展,根据需求不同提供高附加值成果,实现新技术的产业化发展目标,实现其社会、经济价值最大化.     

遥感及航空摄影测量中的新技术探讨

随着测绘学科的不断进步与发展,航空摄影测量经历了从模拟测绘时代向数字测绘时代的跨越,正积极朝向信息化测绘时代迈进。遥感及航空摄影测量技术在大比例尺地形图测绘中快速得到推广应用,一些测绘高新技术的应用将使传统的测绘生产方式、工艺流程、产品形式产生根本性的变革。     

Keypoint-based 4-Points Congruent Sets – Automated marker-less registration of laser scans

We propose a method to automatically register two point clouds acquired with a terrestrial laser scanner without placing any markers in the scene. What makes this task challenging are the strongly varying point densities caused by the line-of-sight measurement principle, and the huge amount of data. The first property leads to low point densities in potential overlap areas with scans taken from different viewpoints while the latter calls for highly efficient methods in terms of runtime and memory requirements.A crucial yet largely unsolved step is the initial coarse alignment of two scans without any simplifying assumptions, that is, point clouds are given in arbitrary local coordinates and no knowledge about their relative orientation is available. Once coarse alignment has been solved, scans can easily be fine-registered with standard methods like least-squares surface or Iterative Closest Point matching. In order to drastically thin out the original point clouds while retaining characteristic features, we resort to extracting 3D keypoints. Such clouds of keypoints, which can be viewed as a sparse but nevertheless discriminative representation of the original scans, are then used as input to a very efficient matching method originally developed in computer graphics, called 4-Points Congruent Sets (4PCS) algorithm. We adapt the 4PCS matching approach to better suit the characteristics of laser scans.The resulting Keypoint-based 4-Points Congruent Sets (K-4PCS) method is extensively evaluated on challenging indoor and outdoor scans. Beyond the evaluation on real terrestrial laser scans, we also perform experiments with simulated indoor scenes, paying particular attention to the sensitivity of the approach with respect to highly symmetric scenes.     

Evaluating Volumetric Glacier Change Methods Using Airborne Laser Scanning Data

Assessments of geodetic volume change are widely used in glaciology and have a long tradition dating back to the nineteenth century. Over time, the geodetic method and corresponding data storage have been developed further, but the resulting methodological heterogeneity can lead to errors that are difficult to separate from other survey uncertainties. In this study we used high‐resolution airborne laser scanning data from the Findelengletscher in the Swiss Alps to evaluate state‐of‐the‐art volumetric glacier change methods. For the first time we have been able to simulate errors arising from different geodetic methods and spatial resolutions. The evaluation showed that, although the digital elevation models were perfectly co‐registered, systematic and random method‐ and scale‐dependent errors still occurred. These errors have an impact on the resulting volume changes at lower spatial resolutions and may lead to exponentially larger uncertainties. Volume changes from contour methods provided reasonably accurate results, while volumetric change assessments from central profile lines were especially prone to biases at any scale.     

皖北地区出土几件周代青铜器的铅同位素比值分析

皖北地区地处安徽淮河以北,是先秦时期南北文化交流的重要通道,也是长江中下游铜矿北进中原的必经区域之一,该地区的青铜器对于探讨长江中下游铜矿与中原青铜文化的关系至关重要.本工作采用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)和激光剥蚀多接收器等离子体质谱(LA-MC-ICP-MS)对出土于皖北地区4件青铜器及湖北吉家院战国楚墓出土的青铜器...     

短弧段ETALON卫星的SLR数据解算分析

提出一种短弧段ETALON卫星的SLR数据处理策略,仅解算卫星轨道、测站距离偏差、地球自转参数,并利用2018-01~10数据进行验证。结果表明,ETALON-1/2卫星定轨残差RMS分别为1.11 cm、1.08 cm;与IERS-C04 产品相比,短弧段数据解算的X_p、Y_p、LOD参数误差RMS分别为2.21 mas、2.26 mas、218.30 μs/d;与ILRS事后最终轨道相比,ETALON-1卫星R、T、N方向轨道精度分别为1.6 cm、8.5 cm、6.8 cm,ETALON-2卫星R、T、N方向轨道精度分别为 2.1 cm、8.9 cm、8.7 cm。