独立模型法点云拼接在建筑倾斜监测中的应用

针对建造结构复杂高层建筑倾斜监测需求,介绍了一种基于地面三维激光扫描仪,结合独立模型法多站点云拼接的高层建筑倾斜变形的监测方案,研究其点云拼接原理、棱线提取和监测技术路线.通过拟合标靶球点云球心的三维坐标,与同名点控制坐标进行坐标转换,实现点云拼接.提取建筑点云模型两平面的交线即建筑物棱线,计算倾斜度.工程实践表明以独...     

Methane emissions from a landfill measured by eddy correlation using a fast response diode laser sensor

We describe a fast response methane sensor based on the absorption of radiation generated with a near-infrared InGaAsP diode laser. The sensor uses an open path absorption region 0.5 m long; multiple pass optics provide an optical path of 50 m. High frequency wavelength modulation methods give stable signals with detection sensitivity (S/N=1, 1 Hz bandwidth) for methane of 65 ppb at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Improvements in the optical stability are expected to lower the current detection limit. We used the new sensor to measure, by eddy correlation, the CH₄ flux from a clay-capped sanitary landfill. Simultaneously we measured the flux of CO₂ and H₂O. From seven half-hourly periods of data collected after a rainstorm on November 23, 1991, the average flux of CH₄ was 17 mmol m^–2 hr^–1 (6400 mg CH₄ m^–2 d^–1) with a coefficient of variation of 25%. This measurement may underrepresent the flux by 15% due to roll-off of the sensor response at high frequency. The landfill was also a source of CO₂ with an average flux of 8.1 mmol m^–2 hr^–1 (8550 mg CO₂ m^–2 d^–1) and a coefficient of variation of 26%. A spectral analysis of the data collected from the CH₄, CO₂, and H₂O sensors showed a strong similarity in the turbulent transfer mechanisms.     

SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating from Sulu-Dabie dolomitic marble, eastern China: constraints on prograde, ultrahigh-pressure and retrograde metamorphic ages

Laser Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) images show that zircon from Sulu‐Dabie dolomitic marbles is characterized by distinctive domains of inherited (detrital), prograde, ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) and retrograde metamorphic growths. The inherited zircon domains are dark‐luminescent in CL images and contain mineral inclusions of Qtz + Cal + Ap. The prograde metamorphic domains are white‐luminescent in CL images and preserve a quartz eclogite facies assemblage of Qtz + Dol + Grt + Omp + Phe + Ap, formed at 542–693 °C and 1.8–2.1 GPa. In contrast, the UHP metamorphic domains are grey‐luminescent in CL images, retain the UHP assemblage of Coe + Grt + Omp + Arg + Mgs + Ap, and record UHP conditions of 739–866 °C and >5.5 GPa. The outermost retrograde rims have dark‐luminescent CL images, and contain low‐P minerals such as calcite, related to the regional amphibolite facies retrogression. Laser ablation ICP‐MS trace‐element data show striking difference between the inherited cores of mostly magmatic origin and zircon domains grown in response to prograde, UHP and retrograde metamorphism. SHRIMP U‐Pb dating on these zoned zircon identified four discrete ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age groups: 1823–503 Ma is recorded in the inherited (detrital) zircon derived from various Proterozoic protoliths, the prograde domains record the quartz eclogite facies metamorphism at 254–239 Ma, the UHP growth domains occurred at 238–230 Ma, and the late amphibolite facies retrogressive overprint in the outermost rims was restricted to 218–206 Ma. Thus, Proterozoic continental materials of the Yangtze craton were subducted to 55–60 km depth during the Early Triassic and recrystallized at quartz eclogite facies conditions. Then these metamorphic rocks were further subducted to depths of 165–175 km in the Middle Triassic and experienced UHP metamorphism, and finally these UHP metamorphic rocks were exhumed to mid‐crustal levels (about 30 km) in the Late Triassic and overprinted by regional amphibolite facies metamorphism. The subduction and exhumation rates deduced from the SHRIMP data and metamorphic P–T conditions are 9–10 km Myr^?1 and 6.4 km Myr^?1, respectively, and these rapid subduction–exhumation rates may explain the obtained P–T–t path. Such a fast exhumation suggests that Sulu‐Dabie UHP rocks that returned towards crustal depths were driven by buoyant forces, caused as a consequence of slab breakoff at mantle depth.     

构造变形/变质作用的精细测年及其在造山带研究中的应用

最近几年 ,增生造山过程中构造变形 /变质作用及其精细年代学研究正成为造山带研究的热点之一。造山带内部大型剪切带的运动、变形 /变质事件的精细定年对深入研究增生造山过程具有重要意义。通过把精确的测年数据与约束运动学的、变形 /变质的显微组构结合起来 ,可以比较精细地重建或复原造山带内部不同构造块体增生拼贴的精细时空过程 ,以及建立与之相一致的造山带形成的应变热模式。同时 ,近 3～ 4年的研究结果也表明 ,构造变形 /变质精确定年还存在许多难点 ,如变形矿物形成机制对其测年结果的影响、变形矿物粒度大小对定年结果的制约关系、以及构造变形 /变质过程中矿物同位素体系的变化机理对测年理论与技术质疑等。文中详细介绍了国外目前有关增生造山作用研究的一个热点———构造变形 /变质精细年代学研究的现状和意义、存在的问题和难点 ,以及新技术方法及其可行性和应用等 ,目的在于提请国内同行在进行相关研究时对此能予以重视。     

锆石Hf同位素组成的LAM-MC-ICPMS精确测定

在配备了NewWaveMerchantekLUV213型紫外激光探针进样系统的Isoprobe型MC—ICPMS上进行了溶液和锆石单矿物的Hf同位素比值测定，并对^176Yb和^176Lu对^176Hf的同质异位素干扰校正进行了试验。结果表明，由于自然界Lu的丰度远远小于Yb，所以^176Hf的同质异位素干扰主要来自^176Yb。当Yb／Hf较低时，可以通过同质异位素干扰校正直接难确测定出^176Hf／^177Hf比值；当Yb／Hf比值较高时，则需要进行同质异位素干扰校正和外部校正来获得难确的^176Hf／^177Hf比值。因此，用LAM—MC-ICPMS可以难确、快速地测定锆石的Hf同位素组成。     

白杨河超大型铍(铀)矿床中蓝柱石(BeAlSiO4(OH))的矿物特征与地质意义

蓝柱石作为一种较为罕见的含铍矿物,通常产在过铝-准铝性的岩浆-热液演化系统中,或发育于富铝质岩石的低级变质过程中。本文通过偏光显微镜、电子探针、X射线粉晶衍射、激光拉曼光谱和红外光谱等多种手段方法,在白杨河超大型铍(铀)矿床首次发现了除羟硅铍石以外的另一种含铍矿物-蓝柱石。系统的矿物学研究表明蓝柱石应由花岗斑岩岩浆分异的岩浆热液直接沉淀而成,且形成于富F环境中。结合前人关于矿床地质特征、成矿年代学和地球化学等方面的研究,认为白杨河矿床中的铍矿化应是花岗斑岩深部岩浆房分异的岩浆热液,在不断演化过程中形成的,而与后期流体(包括幔源流体和大气降水)的淋滤作用无关或关系很小。     

激光显微取样技术在川东北飞仙关组鲕粒白云岩碳氧同位素特征研究中的应用

显微取样碳氧同位素分析技术利用高聚焦激光束与碳酸盐岩样品作用,是一种在显微薄片下对岩石特定组构产生CO2的有效方法,其空间分辨率20～50μm,δ13C和δ18O的最好分析精度可达±0.22‰(σ),可以为碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素提供“高分辨率、原位”数据,微区分析是同位素测试发展的重要方向。用该技术对川东北飞仙关组鲕粒白云岩地球化学特征进行的研究表明,它可避免样品不纯带来的解释上的误差,为解释鲕粒白云岩成因提供了较为准确的地球化学信息,可进一步认识川东北飞仙关组鲕粒白云岩的成因问题。各种产状白云石的δ13C‰(PDB)值均大于当时海水值,说明白云石化流体没有淡水注入;而δ18O‰(PDB)分布较为离散,伴随白云石晶体大小增加,δ18O‰(PDB)值明显偏负,说明白云石化作用过程经历了埋藏加深、温度升高的过程,并且白云石化流体远离卤水源,其咸化程度减弱,为鲕粒白云岩的卤水渗透回流成因提供了有力的证据。     

激光探针质谱研究新进展

激光探针质谱 最近发展起来的分析微量地质样口同位素和高空间分辨率的新方法,介绍了激光探针质谱的基本原原理和间述了国内外的研究进展及其在同位素地质年代学和稳定同位素地球化学方面的应用状况。     

黔中隆起及周缘地区下组合含油气流体包裹体研究

应用均一法测温及激光拉曼探针等技术对黔中隆起地区下组合含油气流体包裹体进行了研究,结果表明该区烃类包裹体个体较小,无色,形态不规则,其烃类成分以CH4为主,具明显干气特征,部分包裹体内含CO2,分析认为是碳酸盐(碳酸氢钙)因温度、压力的变化分解所致.均一温度测试结果显示下组合油气包裹体形成时的温度分别位于85～125℃、125～165℃两个温度段,结合该地区埋藏史及古地温史研究,确定本区成藏期分别为早中寒武世-早三叠世及早三叠世-中晚侏罗世.