兼顾志愿者地理信息的国家应急测绘公众服务平台设计

随着互联网技术的进步和新一代网络信息传播模式的深入发展,志愿者地理信息的研究和应用日益广泛,但由于其规范性和均一性方面的缺陷,在应急公共服务领域,志愿者信息的有效利用依旧是亟需突破的难题。本文将重点介绍国家应急测绘公众服务平台设计思路和总体架构,并结合志愿者地理信息特点,探讨该类信息在国家应急测绘公众服务平台建设中的处理流程和应用模式,力求在应急信息资源共享和服务平台共建方面进行新的尝试,为我国突发事件应急体系建设提供有益实践。     

无人机机载LiDAR在沿海滩涂大比例尺地形测绘中的应用

以南京市以下长江12.5 m深水航道建设工程中的白茆沙整治建筑物工程的年度监测为例,介绍了利用无人机航摄和机载LiDAR技术进行大比例尺高精度的滩涂地理信息数据采集的关键技术。研究案例表明,采用无人机搭载数码相机和LiDAR联合进行数据采集,在小区域、通行困难地区的高分辨率影像和地面高程数据快速获取方面具有明显优势,为沿海滩涂开发中的工程用图测绘工作提供了一种新的有效快捷的技术手段。     

一体化综合减灾智能服务系统研究

针对目前我国减灾服务重决策轻预警,减灾服务技术、系统、应用集成不够,尚缺乏完善的一体化综合减灾智能服务体系现状。该文从测绘地理信息视角,分析了室内外一体化应急定位、多源应急数据融合、灾害场景可视化、灾害模型分析服务等关键技术,构建了一体化综合减灾智能服务原型系统,并在国家基础地理信息中心和陕西省的相关应急部门进行了实际应用,实现了应急信息的一体化感知、定位、融合、分析、服务,为我国综合减灾决策分析提供了技术支撑。     

The use of cartographic control points in the harmonization and revision of MRDBs

The main purpose of the research is to achieve fully automated approach for supplying multi-resolution databases with linear objects in each scale. Moreover, the proposed solutions maintain the repeatability and accuracy of output data wherever possible according to the input scale. These properties are achieved by keeping the minimal object dimensions as well as the appropriate data pre-processing, based on the classification of source points. The classification distinguishes three classes of points: constant (unchangeable), temporary, and inherited. These classes build a structure of cartographic control points. Based on these solutions, the authors proposed an algorithm for linear object simplification based on minimal object dimensions and cartographic control points. It was also confirmed that the simplification between constant points does not cause geometry discrepancies in relation to the global simplification of the whole line.     

Towards new applications of underwater photogrammetry for investigating coral reef morphology and habitat complexity in the Myeik Archipelago,Myanmar

Photogrammetry represents a non-destructive, cost-effective tool for coral reef monitoring, able to integrate traditional remote sensing techniques and support researchers’ work. However, its application to submerged habitats is still in early stage. We present new ways to employ Structure from Motion techniques to infer properties of reef habitats. In particular, we propose the use of Digital Surface Models and Digital Terrain Models for assessing coral colonies extension and height and discriminating between seabed and coral cover. Such information can be coupled with digital rugosity estimates to improve habitat characterization. DTM, DSM and orthophotos were derived and used to compute a series of metrics like coral morphologies, reef topography, coral cover and structural complexity. We show the potentialities offered by underwater photogrammetry and derived products to provide useful basic information for marine habitat mapping, opening the possibility to extend these methods for large-scale assessment and monitoring of coral reefs.     

Geospatial data mining for digital raster mapping

We performed an in-depth literature survey to identify the most popular data mining approaches that have been applied for raster mapping of ecological parameters through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remotely sensed data. Popular data mining approaches included decision trees or “data mining” trees which consist of regression and classification trees, random forests, neural networks, and support vector machines. The advantages of each data mining approach as well as approaches to avoid overfitting are subsequently discussed. We also provide suggestions and examples for the mapping of problematic variables or classes, future or historical projections, and avoidance of model bias. Finally, we address the separate issues of parallel processing, error mapping, and incorporation of “no data” values into modeling processes. Given the improved availability of digital spatial products and remote sensing products, data mining approaches combined with parallel processing potentials should greatly improve the quality and extent of ecological datasets.     

应用数字航道航标信息提高航标测绘效率

通过研究"数字航道"动态监测平台中航标的各项信息与航标测绘数据的关联性,实现航标数据共享,优化现阶段航道维护性中航标测绘的工作方式和流程,从而实现利用数字航道航标信息提升航道测绘工作效率和质量,降低航道维护测量成本。     

辽宁省基础地理信息数据库系统关键模块的优化

随着数字中国地理空间框架建设的加速推进,国家提出了对全国1∶10 000基础地理信息数据进行整合与数据库升级的要求。辽宁省响应国家号召,依托海量的测试数据,从生产实际出发,对数据库系统进行优化。本文重点阐述对数据库系统中质检功能、制图功能的优化处理以及针对新修订的数据字典系统内相应模块的升级,同时对优化过程中系统内部处理不了的问题,进行关键功能模块的补充开发。     

无人机倾斜摄影及自动三维建模技术在地质灾害应急测绘中的应用——以三明市妙元山为例

利用无人机获取多视角的倾斜影像,结合自动三维建模技术,模拟地质灾害受灾情况,可以对受灾程度进行定性、定量分析管理,能够快速准确地评估受灾情况,为救灾工作提供决策支持。     

无人机技术在日常地籍测绘中的应用

随着经济的发展,不动产权变更的工作也日益增多。因地区发展差异,赤峰地区在2006年以前地籍数据并未纳入国家坐标系,为此,加重了日常地籍测绘工作。城区的观测条件,如高层楼房与电力设施等不利因素给测量带来巨大不便,而无人机测绘技术在实际应用中体现了巨大的优势与可能性,其精度也保证了测绘质量需求。