高层建筑竖直度控制

介绍高层建筑施工中竖直度控制的方法;精度估算;分段投测,分段锁定,分段控制,竖直度计算等具体问题,经高层建筑工程验证及部、省级技术鉴定,工程成果达到国内领先水平。     

西沙群岛生物碳酸盐的成因和沉积:来自活体仙掌藻的证据

A recent island survey reveals that the Xuande Atoll and the Yongle Atoll in the Xisha Islands can be classified into one of two systems: the depleted atoll system and growth atoll system; the survey also indicates that the decreased area of several shoals is an unbearable burden for the Xisha Islands, of which the largest island area is 2.13 km2 and the minimum elevation is 1.4 m. According to a survey on the ecological characteristics of Halimeda in the Laolongtou breaker zone of Shidao Island in the Xisha Islands, the green and white living Halimeda are collected,the isotopic ages of 14 C contained in the Halimeda are shown to be 27 years and 55 years, respectively, and carbonate mainly occurs in five types, i.e., luster, segment, sand, sand grain, and marl in the formation. The Halimeda segments mainly provide the carbonate sediments of long-term biogenic deposits in the reef environment and the annual productivity per area is 60–100 g/m2; the characteristics of the microstructure of the Halimeda are analyzed, the aragonite raphide carbonate is deposited and enriched in the cortexes, medullas and cysts, and the Halimeda generally contain major elements such as C, O, Ca, Cl, Mg, K, Na, S and Al, and are rich in trace elements such as tellurium(Te), rhodium(Rh) and strontium. It is believed that the Halimeda grow slowly,including the biotic community of reef corals in the reef areas, thus they possess an environmental remediation capacity, but it takes much time to remedy the environment, and it is necessary to make the law to protect the diversity and vulnerability of the Xisha marine ecology, the ecology of the reef community and the island environment in a scientific way. As indicated in the survey, under the background of global warming and sea-level rise, the discovery of large amounts of Halimeda in the Laolongtou sea area is significant for the natural increase of the depleted atoll system of the Xuande Atoll, while the Halimeda segments represent the primary form of the fossil Halimeda, of which the species can be identified and preserved in great numbers under geological conditions. The Miocene was discovered in large amounts in the Xichen-1 well, therefore the study on the characteristics and mechanism of Halimeda carbonate sediments plays a pivotal role in the formation and construction of organic reefs in the South China Sea as well as oil and gas exploration.     

激光雷达点云电力线自动提取算法

针对当前电力线提取方法自动化程度和精度不高的问题,本文从点云数据的空间分布特征出发,提出了一种高效的电力线自动提取方法。首先基于自然裂点法,将点云数据按高程分类后去除地面点;然后对数据进行空间划分,基于子空间的点密度及空间结构特征的差异化,利用地物分割算法去除电塔点和残留的植被点;最后利用基于欧氏距离分割的电力线自动检测算法,实现单根电力线的快速、高精度提取。提取结果和拟合试验表明,该方法能在复杂地形下实现电力线的自动提取,极大提高了电力线的提取效率和精度。     

新疆哈尔里克山后碰撞期构造-岩浆活动特征及年代学证据

新疆地区后碰撞期构造-岩浆活动非常活跃,其同位素年龄集中在290～270Ma。天山东段的后碰撞期构造-岩浆活动研究相对薄弱,高质量的定年数据较少。在野外地质调查的基础上,笔者选择东天山哈尔里克地区的小堡花岗岩体进行了锆石的LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年,获得两组谐和年龄,分别为297±2Ma和295±2Ma,代表哈尔里克地区后碰撞早期岩浆作用的形成时代。小堡岩体矿物组合以斜长石、石英、钾长石、角闪石和黑云母为主,副矿物有锆石、磷灰石和磁铁矿,与I型高钾钙碱性花岗岩矿物组合基本一致。与小堡花岗岩体同时发育、空间并存的还有基性岩墙群和碱性花岗岩,构成后碰撞初始阶段三组合地质标志。结合区域地质资料,认为小堡早二叠世花岗岩体是后碰撞初期碰撞造山、地壳增厚引发下地壳物质部分熔融的产物,其构造属性为板内岩浆活动。     

地下连续墙技术在深基坑围护中的应用

结合某高层建筑深基坑围护的工程实例,介绍了地下连续墙施工技术在深基坑围护工程中的具体应用,阐述了地下连续墙施工的工艺流程和技术要点,提出了施工的注意事项和特殊问题的预防处理方法。     

东昆仑东段东昆中构造带韧性剪切作用及其地质意义

东昆仑东段东昆中构造带经历了多期(次)构造事件,现今保留了复杂多样的构造样式。哈图沟、清水泉—塔妥和沟里等地区构造变形十分强烈,且发育有呈NWW-SEE展布的韧性剪切带。通过野外调研及显微构造研究,对东昆中构造带几何学、运动学及动力学等进行了分析,并通过费氏台和EBSD技术对其进行石英C轴组构分析后认为该剪切带为一压-扭性构造界面,且早期为左旋逆冲,晚期为右旋走滑,变形温度为400~550℃。对剪切带内的石英亚颗粒及动态重结晶粒度测量计算出研究区内韧性剪切带古应力值约为153.791 MPa。哈图沟牦牛山组变形砾岩(4个测点)有限应变测量结果显示,越靠近东昆中断裂带砾石Flinn指数、应变程度、罗德系数(绝对值)越大,且Flinn指数均大于1,属拉伸变形。结合区域地质资料,认为东昆仑东段东昆中韧性剪切带形成于晚海西—印支期。     

爆炸地震波作用下盾构隧道动力响应分析

盾构隧道衬砌由于各种类型接头的存在而与整体式衬砌的力学特性存在较大差异。将盾构隧道衬砌结构看作由弹塑性铰链连接的刚性管片组成,考虑围岩介质的黏弹性,提出了爆炸地震波作用下盾构隧道动力分析的简化计算方法。采用该方法对南京地铁盾构段典型横断面进行了动力分析,研究了爆炸地震波入射角度、围岩介质特性及管片厚度对结构受力与变形的影响规律。分析结果表明:波入射角度对盾构隧道有很大影响,斜入射时结构的动力响应要大于垂直入射时结构的动力响应;围岩介质等级越高,围岩对隧道结构的约束越强,隧道的抗爆性能越好;管片厚度的增大会增大结构的内力,合理设置管片厚度有利于提高盾构隧道抗爆性能。     

以门源M6.9地震为契机的祁连带中东段地震热红外异常区域特征研究

以中国静止气象卫星亮温资料为数据基础,使用小波变换和功率谱估计法研究2022年1月8日门源M6.9地震前的热辐射异常,并对祁连带中东段以往震例的热辐射异常作回溯性研究。门源6.9级地震的热辐射异常发展过程可分为3个阶段：初始演化阶段、增强持续阶段、减弱消失阶段。面积最大时强辐射区的面积约为8万km~2,地震发生在其西北部。相对功率谱峰值为平均值的17倍,地震发生在峰值后82天。大面积、高强度的热辐射状态持续时间长是此次异常的显著特点。祁连带中东段的几次地震前均出现过热辐射异常,其特征可为该区震情判定不断积累经验,以期形成可作为判定指标的区域震例库。     

Universal precursor seismicity pattern before locked-segment rupture and evolutionary rule for landmark earthquakes

Despite extensive investigations, no precursor patterns for reliably predicting major earthquakes have thus far been identified. Seismogenic locked segments that can accumulate adequate strain energy to cause major earthquakes are highly heterogeneous and low brittle. The progressive cracking of the locked segments with these properties can produce an interesting seismic phenomenon: a landmark earthquake and a sequence of smaller subsequent earthquakes (pre-shocks) always arise prior to another landmark earthquake within a well-defined seismic zone and its current seismic period. Applying a mechanical model, magnitude constraint conditions, and case study data of 62 worldwide seismic zones, we show that two adjacent landmark earthquakes reliably occur at the volume-expansion point and peak-stress point (rupture) of a locked segment; thus, the former is an identified precursor for the latter. Such a precursor seismicity pattern before the locked-segment rupture has definite physical meanings, and it is universal regardless of the focal depth. Because the evolution of landmark earthquakes follows a deterministic rule described by the model, they are predictable. The results of this study lay a firm physical foundation for reliably predicting the occurrence of future landmark earthquakes in a seismic zone and can greatly improve our understanding of earthquake generation mechanism.     

柴北缘东段及周缘侏罗系发育特征及其对构造活动的响应

为研究柴北缘东部及周缘侏罗系发育特征及其对构造活动的响应,笔者等基于柴北缘东段红山、霍布逊及德令哈凹陷侏罗系野外地质调查,通过地层接触关系追踪、二维地震资料解释以及岩性岩相突变特征分析,同时与中国西北地区其他典型的盆地侏罗系发育特征进行对比分析,研究表明,在中国西北多个板块的相互作用的构造背景之下,柴北缘东段燕山期构造运动Ⅰ幕发生在早—中侏罗世,以古地理与古构造环境较为均一、发育粗碎屑凹陷、每个凹陷内具有幕式沉积充填特征,与中国西北其他盆地对比,此幕构造运动波及面大,但强度较弱,推测与中国西北周边各板块碰撞造山之后的伸展作用相关;燕山期构造运动Ⅱ幕发生在晚侏罗世—早白垩世,此幕构造运动导致古地理与古构造环境向新的环境转变,以中—上侏罗统之间的角度不整合、白垩系及晚侏罗统的残缺不全为特征,推测与拉萨地块与欧亚板块碰撞以及蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋的关闭及Kolyma—Omolon地块的碰撞有关。