20世纪初北京地形图研究

本文研究了清末民初时期中国政府的测绘机构及其地形图测绘活动 ,介绍了若干幅由陆地测量总局等权威机构测绘、编制的近现代北京地区地形图及相关测绘档案文献 ,对地形图所记录的土地覆被及环境演变过程开展了信息提取 ,对近代北京城市边缘地区的环境变迁做出了初步分析。     

BLUFF EROSION OF A MISSISSIPPI RIVER MEANDER AT PORT HUDSON,LOUISIANA

The rate of bluff erosion has been monitored and related processes examined on a Mississippi River meander bend at Port Hudson, Louisiana, from 1971 to mid-1980. The erosion data were analyzed using a stepwise multiple regression analysis to determine the conditions controlling the amount and distribution of bluff erosion. The results indicate a pattern of decreasing bluff erosion that is attributed to downstream migration of the zone of maximum basal scour. Bluff retreat in the period of active basal undercutting (1971 to mid-1975) was 18.9m/year and in the following period of decreased basal scour activity (mid-1975 to mid-1980) was 6.8m/year. Approximately, 61% of the erosion was associated with rising river levels. The data also indicated that 66% of the erosion occurred at bankfull discharge stage or above. Conditions that produce bluff erosion were found to vary between the two eriosion periods and also as river levels rose or fell in each of the periods. During the actively undercutting period, precipitation rate and amount of river rise explained 94% of the bank erosion that occurred as river levels rose. During the falling river phase, days above bankfull stage and amount of river fall accounted for 99% of the bluff erosion. In the period of decreased basal scour, precipitation rate and maximum river stage accounted for 94% of the bluff erosion related to rising river levels, while the erosion during falling river levels could be only tentatively correlated to precipitation rate and factors associated with drawdown. Changes in slope processes as the result of decreased basal scour were also examined.     

土地利用数据尺度转换的精度损失分析

由于栅格数据便于空间分析,因而通常将矢量数据转化成栅格数据来进行空间分析.在转化过程中,选用不同的栅格大小,其面积和精度损失是不同的.针对这个问题,以重庆市110万的土地利用矢量数据为例,探讨了不同栅格大小下,各种土地利用类型在转化过程的面积和精度损失.研究表明(1)栅格大小＜100m时,其精度损失均＜3.3%.(2)在1000m时,其精度损失达到50%以上的地类有湖泊、水库坑塘、滩地、农村居民点用地、工交建设用地、戈壁、裸岩石地、平原区旱地和坡度＞25°的旱地,这些地类的平均图斑大小均在＜51hm2.(3)在30m～1000m间,平均图斑大小＜82hm2的地类随着栅格的由小变大,其面积变得比实际面积小;平均图斑大小＞101hm2的地类中除高盖度的草地和河渠之外,却与此相反.     

大城市边缘区城市化进程的实证分析--以南京江宁区为例

城市边缘区是城市地域结构的一个重要组成部分，是城市向乡村转化的过渡地带，也是土地与空间利用方式最富于变化的地域实体，其在城市化进程中最具经济、社会和环境的敏感性特征。该文以南京江宁区的城市化进程为案例进行实证研究，分析江宁区城市化发展的条件与背景，探索边缘区城市化进程的特征与驱动机制，并依据世界性趋势，推断江宁区城市化发展的模式与前景，以探求大城市边缘区城市化发展的对策。     

利用遥感技术进行全球测图项目中的中国土地利用覆盖和植被分类图的制作ProduceLanduse&La

全球测图是联合国为推动“全球空间数据基础设施”建设而开展的一项国际性合作计划项目 ,是在全球测图国际指导委员会 (ISCGM)指导下各参加成员国、地区共同合作旨在开发出一组包括全球范围的高程、植被、土地利用、土地覆盖、交通网、居民地、水系和行政边界 8个专题图层的 1∶ 10 0万的数字地理数据集。就开发全球测图中中国数据集的植被、土地利用、土地覆盖专题栅格数据的方法进行了探讨     

土地利用动态监测中的时空数据模型研究

针对传统GIS数据模型存在的问题,开展了基于特征的时空数据模型研究.结合我国土地利用动态监测,提出了一个新的时空数据模型-基于变化特征状态的时空数据模型(SCFSTDM),该模型保持了地理现象的完整性,地理信息的完备性以及时空专题信息的有机集成,模型有利于面向目标定向分析方法的应用和时空分析与推理的实现,有利于地理数据的共享,设计和开发了基于SCFSTDM的时态土地利用信息系统,实现了基于特征实例的时空复合查询,时空推理以及动态播放等功能.     

GIS在规划国土图文办公中的应用研究

规划国土管理工作的办公自动化是当前ＧＩＳ应用研究的一个热点。本文以常州市规划国土管理信息系统的研制为例，介绍了在办公自动化中ＧＩＳ应用的一些方法和思想以及在开发过程中的经验与体会。     

中国城市土地有偿使用的地域差异及分等研究

城市土地的级差收益不仅存在于城市内部,而且在城市之间也有反映。本文以级差地租理沦和区位论为基础,分析了影响城市土地收益地区差异的主要因素因子,采用多因素综合评价的方法,把全国的城市分为七个等级,为国家制定土地有偿使用的宏观政策提供依据。     

"3S"技术在新一轮土地利用更新调查中的应用方案探讨

阐述了GPS、GIS、RS(简称“3S)的基本内容,总结“3S”技术在新一轮土地更新调查中作用的基础上,提出了“3S”集成技术的方法。设计出“3S”集成技术在新一轮土地更新调查中的应用流程。     

Temporal Extensions of Landscape Ecology Theory and Practice: Examples from the Peruvian Amazon*

The growing overlap between geographic information science (GIScience) and landscape ecology for landscape characterization has led to increasingly sophisticated measures of landscape site and situation. Scale, both temporal and spatial, has been injected into methodologies to improve our ability to derive process from pattern with the hope of defining, monitoring, and modeling ecological landscape function. This article addresses an evolving methodology of longitudinal or panel analysis designed to test the relative importance of thematic versus structural landscape configuration as well as interannual versus intra‐annual change. Landscape typologies for both temporal signature and dominant structural trajectories are offered as guideposts for rethinking dynamic landscape characterization. A case study from the Peruvian Amazon is provided to illustrate interpretive advances available via panel methods that allow for disentangling inter‐ and intra‐annual shifts as well as separating changes in composition versus configuration for improved understanding of landscape dynamics and dynamism.