A study on regional difference of China’s paid urban landuse system and grading

At present, paid urban landuse system is one of the most important economic reform in China. In the other words, landuse right can be transferred and land users must pay the rent to the state according to the quality of land. It is necessary to apply the theory of rent and location to the economic approaisal of urban land. China is vast in territory. Is’s geographical condition and economic development vary from place to place, so does the urban land value. In order to reveal the difference of land value between different cities, the following method is used. (1) Analysing the factors and elements that affect the quality of urban land. Six factors including 17 elements were selected in this paper: macrolocation of a city, benefit of urban aggregation, infrastructure investment, output value of urban land, potential of urban land, and investment intensity. (2) Deciding the weight andvalue of each factor. (3) Appraising each element separately. (4) Accounting the value of all factors and getting the total appraisal score of each city. (5) Grouping the 430 Chinese cities into sevencategories according to the appraisal values. The result shows that all the cities in the category with the highest land output values are in the coast belt, whereas most cities in the inland and outlying areas are belong to the category with low rank. For example, 87% of the cities in the outlying regions are belong to the lowest rank. Although there are some relationship between the size of cities and urban land rank, generally speaking, the larger the city, the higher the urban land rank. In fact, the locational condition is the most important factor which influences the rank of urban land.     

SOIL SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL LAND USE OPTIMIZATION BY USING GIS

This paper discusses the methods and process of Geographic Information System(GIS) applied in soil spatial analysis ,involving the collection of soil spatial data that GIS required ,spatial analysis method of soil nutrient,land use,slope and exposure of geography,crop yield and other factors,and also including acquiring soil spatial information and creating thematic map,and so on .Taking Hengjing Town in Wuxian County of Jiangsu Province as a case study and the maximum income as a principle,and applying the GIS methods and their interrelated models,we have calculated the most optimized agricultural land and the possible maximum income of Hengjing Town.According to the method,we can rationally regulate local agricultural production,and put forward some scenarios for optimizing agricultural structure of Hengjing Town .The paper puts forward an evaluation method of land adaptability based on soil spatial analysis,and offers some research clews to optimize agricultural land use constitutions.so the paper will be have important reference value for soil study.     

土地利用空间分布的多尺度分析

土地利用在不同的规模尺度上具有不同的特征,某个研究尺度上的影响因子可能在其他尺度上并不发生作用。论文运用统计方法与GIS技术从自然环境、社会经济以及基础设施条件各方面分析汉王镇土地利用空间分布影响因素及其尺度效应。综合考虑9种主要的土地利用方式和6个候选影响因子,其中土地利用数据来自土地利用详查数据,并根据其空间分布与...     

Evaluation of drainage networks developed in hard rock terrain

An attempt was made to study the influence of various factors such as geology, landforms, slope, soil, landuse/cover on the development of the drainage network. To compare and evaluate drainage networks developed in various geologic terrains, differing in rock type and structure, three sub-basins of the Bhadra river basin, located in Chikmagalur district, Karnataka, India were selected for the study. Quantitative morphometric analysis was carried out for both linear aspects and areal aspects for all three sub-basins. The applicability of Horton's laws was also studied. Each of the quantitative parameters was interrelated with thematic details derived from remote sensing data. The results of the study indicate that the drainage characteristics are entirely different for all three sub-basins. The study has also established the applicability of Horton's laws pertaining to quantitative morphometry of the sub-basins.     

清至民国洛川塬土地利用演变及其对土壤侵蚀的影响

依据史料和已有研究,恢复了洛川塬土地利用的演变过程及其对土壤侵蚀的影响。研究表明,清至民国时期是一个由土地垦殖的初步恢复到土地垦殖力度的增强、垦殖范围的扩大,再至战乱、自然灾害后期的重建以及民国时期土地垦殖发展的过程。地貌的复杂性、降水的不稳定性,对土地开垦造成客观限制;政策制度的推行对土地开垦起到主导作用;而人口因素是土地开垦的根本动力。土地开垦面积随不同时期的人口变化而呈现显著差异,即土地开垦面积和人口数量之间成正相关关系。洛川塬环境伴随着人口增长、土地利用强度增强而逐步恶化。这种恶化是地理环境系统自我调节能力减弱,继而引发土壤侵蚀加剧,并呈现为人为加速侵蚀和自然侵蚀交相混合的共同作用。     

基本农田土地整理项目的内业数字化处理

基本农田土地整理项目是振兴东北老工业基地重点项目之一。从早期土地利用现状图开始,通过全数字化处理手段和软件的二次开发,阐述了全数字化内业处理的可行性和优越性,介绍了一种新的基本农田土地整理项目现状图内业处理方法,以及土地利用分类面积汇总技巧和现状图标注面积与土地利用分类地块统计面积相对应检查手段。     

Landuse/landcover changes in Zhangye oasis of Hexi Corridor

Taking two false color composite Landsat 5 TM (Thematic Mapper) images of band 4,3,2 taken in 1995 and 2000 as data resources, this paper carried out study on LUCC of Zhangye oasis in recent five years by interpretation according to land resources classification system of 1:100,000 Resources and Environmental Database of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results show that great changes have taken place in landuse/landcover in Zhangye oasis since 1995: (1) Changes of landuse structure show that cropland and land for urban construction and built-up area increased, on the contrary, water area and grassland decreased. These changes reflect the deterioration of eco-environment and the acceleration of urbanization, and also indicate the problems existing in the arrangement of water and land resources between the upper and lower reaches of the Heihe River. (2) Regional differences of landuse/landcover are evident, characterized by following aspects: in Sunan County located in Qilian Mountain area, unused land and grassland decreased, but cropland and land for urban construction and built-up area increased. In Minle and Shandan counties located in foothills, unused land, water area and cropland decreased, but grassland and land for urban construction and built-up area increased. In Zhangye City, Linze County and Gaotai County located in plain area of the middle reaches of the Heihe River, unused land, water area and grassland decreased, while woodland, cropland and land for urban construction and built-up area increased.     

水土流失区土地利用动态的遥感监测——以晋西三川河流域为例

本文以晋西三川河流域为试验区,利用不同时期的航空像片,采取集群抽样法,借助计算机建立信息数据库,并统计计算和辅助制图,进行土地资源动态监测,查清这一中型流域23年来土地利用动态变化情况及水土保持综合治理效益。     

长江三角洲地区土地利用变化及对策研究

长江三角洲地区土地利用历史悠久,是我国传统的人口密集区和土地高度集约化利用区。早在7～6kaB.P.就产生了马家浜文化,明清时期已成为中国人口最密集的地区。随着经济的发展,土地集约化经营水平不断提高,土地利用类型越来越复杂。然而,由于人口增长,人均耕地面积越来越少,由200年前的0.09hm²人均耕地面积减至2000年仅为0.048hm²,而且长江三角洲地区土地利用中多种问题并存:一方面是耕地数量不断减少,质量下降;另一方面是建设用地利用效率低下,大量土地闲置。因此,有必要进行综合治理,加以控制和调整。文章建议可采用的土地利用对策有:加大科技投入,转变增长方式;集约利用城镇及农村居民点用地;加快农业产业化步伐,调整农业结构;控制环境污染,改善土地质量;注意土地利用规划的实施,实现土地资源优化配置。     

微机制图在土地详查中的应用

新疆土地详查历经八年，至今未完。为降低劳动强度，提高工作效率，针对叶城县山区土地利用类型多样，耕地分散等特点，进行了微机制图的探讨。本文着重介绍了（1）微机制图的软硬件工作环境；（2）图形编辑和编码技巧；（3）图形量化方法，建立图形库；（4）属性数据输入、更新、修改；（5）错误信息检查，建立点线面的相互关系；（6）面积计算与机助制图。