基于ALOS数据的乌鲁木齐市绿地景观格局研究

以乌鲁木齐市2009年的ALOS卫星影像为研究数据,在地理信息系统(GIS)及遥感(RS)技术的支持下,提取绿地信息,建立乌鲁木齐市区绿地景观的空间数据库,应用景观生态学的理论和研究方法,选取景观分维数、破碎度、分离度等景观指数来定量分析乌鲁木齐市区的绿地景观格局。结果表明,整个研究区内的绿地类型以公园绿地和单位附属绿地为主,市区绿地景观多样性较低,各类型绿地景观所占比例不均匀,公共绿地数量少,趋于团聚分布,形成许多绿化服务盲区;各类型绿地景观分维数较高,形状较不规则;单位附属绿地和居住绿地的破碎度较高,因为它们受人类的影响较大、形状相对多样、不规则。     

LANDSCAPE PERMANENCE AND NUCLEAR WARNINGS

ABSTRACT. From the perspective of a human lifetime, the hazards of some nuclear wastes are permanent, so the warnings we place at contaminated nuclear sites must be permanent too. I address questions of how best to provide one hundred centuries of public warning at the first facility for permanent disposal, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico. Scenarios of intrusion developed to guide the design of warning markers predicted that most of the changes in the area will be social and cultural. Because blatant and permanent markers will increase, not reduce, the probability of inadvertent intrusion, the most appropriate warning is a “landscape of illusion.” Such a landscape needs not permanent surface markers but underground warning devices beneath a soft surface marker. No warning can guarantee deterrence for 10,000 years, however.     

北京郊区生态安全动态评价与分析

以京郊三个具有不同功能的区(县)为例,基于景观生态学的基本理论,探讨在GIS和RS技术支持下从景观格局角度进行快速城市化地区的生态安全动态评价方法.首先,根据遥感数据解译出1996和2005两期土地利用图;然后计算景观干扰指数和景观脆弱度指数,它们合成景观稳定性指数,在此基础上,构建生态安全指数(ESI);最后,利用空间分析方法对生态安全指数进行空间化,并对生态安全指数的采样结果进行半变异函数分析和空间插值分析.结果表明:(1)1996-2005年研究区的各景观类型呈不同的变化趋势,其主要的景观变化特征为建设用地景观持续增加、耕地景观大量减少,尤其以建设用地景观变化最快;(2)研究区的斑块数量、破碎度、多样性指数和分形维数都表现出增加的趋势;(3)生态安全指数受人为干扰影响较大,局部区域的景观类型从1996年的零散分布发展至2005年的连片分布,整体生态安全强度的空间分布不均匀性增强;(4)生态安全指数值从城市功能拓展区(朝阳区)到远郊城市发展新区(顺义区)和生态涵养发展区(密云县),呈现出由低而高的变化趋势,其低值区域随着城市化进程的加快而逐渐扩大.表明生态安全指数能够定量评价区域生态环境的状况及其演变方向.     

地域文化景观的起源、传播与演变研究——以赣南八景为例

以赣南八景文化景观为例,结合文化地理学景观理论,运用文献资料、历史还原、时空结合等研究方法,在对八景文化景观的起源与演变等文化地理过程进行分析的基础上,探讨其空间分布概貌和流行原因,阐述其传播的途径和特点,揭示了赣南八景文化的圈层式扩散、随城市空间扩展等时空演变规律,指出其在城市非物质文化遗产保护和开发方面的重要地位.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: Boundary Control and Legal Priniciples . Curtis M. Brown , Walter G. Robillard and Donald A. Wilson . Lost Initiatives: Canada's Forest Industries, Forest Policy, and Forest Conservation . R. Peter Gillis and Thomas R. Roach . The Navajo Atlas: Resources, People, and History of the Dine Bikeyah . James M. Goodman . The City and the Sign . M. Gottdiener AND Alexandros Ph . Lagopoulos , EDS. The Comfortable House: North American Suburban Architecture 1890–1930 . Alan Gowans . Arabic-Islamic Cities. Building and Planning Principles . Besim Salim Hakim . Contemporary Climatology . Ann Henderson -Sellers and Peter J. Robinson . A Trace of Desert Waters . Samuel G. Houghton . Geography, Resources and Environment. Vol. 1: Selected Writings of Gilbert F. White. Vol. 2: Themes from the Work of Gilbert F. White . Robert W. Kates AND Ian Burton , ED. Spatial Dimensions of Unemployment and Underemployment (A Case Study of Rural Punjab) . Gopal Krishan . Maps of the Holy Land: Cartobibliography of Printed Maps, 1475–1900 . Compiled by Eran Laor , assisted by Shoshana Klein . The Geography of Third World Cities . Stella Lowder . A Perspective on U.S. Farm Problems and Agricultural Policy . Lance Mc Kinzie , Timothy G. Baker AND Wallace E. Tyner . Soil Erosion and Its Control. R.P.C . Morgan , ED Geopolitics . Patrick O'Sullivan . Landscape, Meanings and Values . Edmund C. Penning -Rowsell AND David Lowenthal , EDS.     

Exploring Chile: Identities and Their Relation with the Environment through the Film Football Stories

Cinema can be considered a useful tool for understanding different geographic concepts, showing physical and human factors and the interactions between them. Andres Wood's film Football Stories explores the Chilean territory allowing the observation of the differences between the north and south of the country. Geographic components such as landscapes, architectures, the impact of anthropogenic activities, social inequalities, ways of life, and city and countryside differences are analyzed, as well as the importance of location, the spatial environment, and cinematic narration. The study of geography through films could contribute to understanding of our world and to spatial knowledge.     

The effects of land consolidation on the ecological connectivity based on ecosystem service value: A case study of Da’an land consolidation project in Jilin province

Land consolidation has a profound impact on landscape patterns and ecological functions at various scales through engineering and biological measures. In recent years, China invests more than 100 billion RMB yuan on land consolidation each year. To understand how land consolidation affects landscape patterns and ecosystems, we investigated the ecosystem service value and the ecological connectivity in a consolidated area of Da’an city from 2008 to 2014 using a revised ecological connectivity index. The results indicated that land consolidation has certain negative influences on the ecosystem services in this area. The total ecosystem service value will decrease by nearly 30% in the late stage of consolidation. This decrease is caused by the loss of ecosystem service of the wetland and grassland, despite a sensible increase of cultivated land. In addition, land consolidation could change the ecological connectivity as well as the land use structure. Up to 85% of the entire area will be in low connectivity in the late stage of consolidation, representing a 6.23% increase in the total coverage compared to pre-consolidation. Finally, the different connectivity landscape and their key areas can be identified by the revised ecological connectivity index effectively. This study is helpful to trace out the relationships between landscape pattern and ecological process, and provides insights for ecological planning and designing of land consolidation in this area. We suggest that more attentions should be paid to improve the quality and ecosystem service value per unit area of the landscape, to establish ecological compensation mechanism of wetland losses, and to create the ecological corridors along the least accumulated impendence surface in the key areas during land consolidation.     

衡水市滏阳河景观带植被配置分析

调查了衡水滏阳河岸景观带植被配置现状,在剖析景观带植被配置优势和问题的基础上,从适地适树,丰富季相景观,注重种植密度及乔灌藤花草合理搭配等方面提出了改进措施,以促进本区植被配置优化,充分发挥河岸植被的生态效益和社会效益。     

论文化景观的特性

文化景观是人类活动的产物，文化景观研究是文化地理学的主要研究领域之一，而作为文化景观研究的重要组成部分的文化景观特性研究无疑将推动这一领域研究的进一步发展。运用比较分析方法，根据文化景观的定义，探讨文化景观具有时代性、继承性、叠加性、区域性、民族性等五大特性，并对这些特性进行科学的界定和详细的阐述，展示出这五大特性之间所存在的矛盾统一关系和其内在的紧密联系，进一步说明这些特性的实际意义和利用价值。     

梅州市名城文化景观的保护与开发研究

从名城文化内涵出发，着眼于作为客家人文中心和名城文化景观的集中的梅州市区，全面分析了其中丰富多样的文化景观资源的特征及其文化内蕴。揭示了梅州名城文化景观保护与开发过程中的成绩与存在问题。并从文化地理学的视觉，结合旅游开发和城市规划，论证了科学保护与开发梅州名城文化景观的下述对策与途径的必要性与可行性：提升名城办的职能并与相关部门共营名城文化氛围；强化名城轴线与标志性文化景观；抢救与保护“老字号”等一批文化景观景区；适度利用，以积极的开发促其效的保护。