基于PCM改进算法的遥感混合像元模拟分析

混合像元的存在是影响遥感图像分类精度的主要原因,模糊分类是进行混合像元分解的重要方法,其效果的好坏取决于各像元分类后对各类别的隶属度值能否准确地反映像元的类别组成。当非监督分类中的聚类数目与实际类别数目不符,或者监督分类中训练样本存在未训练类别时,常用的模糊c-均值(FCM)方法的效果将大大降低,而可能性c-均值(PCM)方法则可以解决这个问题。该文提出了基于PCM算法的遥感图像混合像元分解方法,并用监督分类方法实例说明PCM方法的优越性。     

用SPOT-VGT数据制作中国2000年度土地覆盖数据

土地覆盖是自然环境与人类活动相互作用的中心,准确而现势性强的土地覆盖数据是科学研究、资源管理和环境监测等应用的基础资料。该研究作为欧盟联合研究中心2000年全球土地覆盖计划(GLC2000)的一部分,利用2000年的1km空间分辨率的SPOT-4VGTS10数据与DEM、积温和降水等通过AHP方法合成的自然因子数据,采用FAO的土地覆盖分类系统(LCCS),通过非监督分类方法制作中国2000年的土地覆盖图。研究结果表明,在HANTS方法去云处理的基础上,结合气候分区,利用一年内每10天最大值合成的NDVI时间序列自然因子数据集可对除干旱区外大部分地区进行很好的分类,对干旱区则采用8月下旬的VGT原始数据取代NDVI数据参加分类,可达到较好的分类结果。     

Exploring the spatial and temporal dynamics of land use in Xizhuang watershed of Yunnan, southwest China

Over the last two decades, China has introduced a series of agricultural and forestland use reforms, aiming to feed the largest population in the world and maintain ecological services locally and nationally. This paper studies the impacts of local government-driven reforestation on land use and land cover change, as well as its further impacts on livelihoods of upland farmers in Xizhuang watershed. An analysis of aerial photographs and ASTER satellite imagery from 1987 to 2002, respectively, showed that the forest has significantly increased at the expense of decreasing farmland. However, the monoculture reforestation of pine has caused both biophysical and socio-economic consequences. This case study also shows forestry decentralization in China remains incomplete. Land use and land cover change is also a political economic issue. Some of the reforms designed to protect forest resources have had a negative impact on rural livelihoods.     

Land-use classification using ASTER data and self-organized neutral networks

Operationally AVHRR and TM/TM+ data were used and a supervised maximum likelihood classification (MLH) was applied to depict land use changes in Beijing, providing basic maps for planning and development. With rapid growth of the city these are helpful to deal with higher resolution data, whereas new classification algorithms produce land use maps more accurate. In the paper, new sensor ASTER data and the Kohonen self-organized neural network feature map (KSOM) were tested.The TSOM classified 7% more accurately than the maximum likelihood algorithm in general, and 50% more accurately for the classes ‘residential area’ and ‘roads’. The results suggest that ASTER data and the Kohonen self-organized neural network classification can be used as an alternative data and method in a land use update operational system.     

乾安地区盐碱地显热通量的测量

文中给出了用大孔径闪烁仪在 2 0 0 0年生长季观测到的盐碱地区显热通量的主要结果 ,并初步计算了当地的水热平衡状况。结果表明 :乾安盐碱地区显热通量占净辐射量的百分比在干旱、非生长季达到 6 5 % ,在多雨、植被生长季仅为 11% ;显热通量因降水而明显降低 ,幅度与降水强度有关 ,反映了当地的气候和土壤特征。文中还把LAS的测量结果与传统的梯度法作了比较 ,结果基本一致。     

计算非均匀地表通量的一种简化PDF及其应用

提出描述地表非均匀特性的简化概率密度函数（PDF），它可代替各种具体的PDF用于求解次网格尺度平均通量而不影响其精度，这种简化PDF可直接加入陆面过程模式方程组中进行陆－气通量交换的数值试验。它对非均匀地表陆面过程参数化具有一定的普适性。本文仅讨论了对称分布的简化计算（非对称分布另文讨论），列举了非均匀分布的观测事实，并以地表净红外辐射通量计算为例，详细验证了应用这种简化PDF的可行性和可靠性。     

基于MAPGIS的1∶50万土地利用数据库系统设计与实现

土地利用资料是国家重要的基础地理资料 .针对全国土地利用数据进行建库管理会对国家建设起到重要的作用 .以MAPGIS为基础 ,按照一定的设计原则提出系统总体上应有的数据编辑、查询、统计等六大模块及其主要的功能 .详细说明了在MAPGIS平台的支持下全国土地利用数据库的数据组织方式 ,以及外部属性与图形数据的关联方式、图库中图元的B+ 树索引的结构、数据检索、输出流程等关键技术问题的解决方案 .     

为我国土壤科学的发展奋斗终生的李连捷院士

文章简述了李连捷先生为中国的土壤科学和为生产服务而奋斗的一生。20世纪40年代,他在去美国深造之前,就在国内到贵州、广西和华南的许多省区进行了大面积的土壤调查工作。新中国成立后,他欣然接受先后到黑龙江、青海和内蒙古等省区进行荒地资源垦殖的调查任务,并于50～60年代,先后参与和组织了对西藏、新疆等地多专业的大型综合考察。通过这些考察,为西部大开发摸清和积累了大批可贵的自然资源资料,为我国土壤的发生和分类、土地资源的合理利用以及国民经济的发展做出了积极贡献。李先生在他近半个世纪的教学工作中,为我国培养了大批土壤科学人才。他一生刚正不阿、高风亮节,为我们树立了学习的榜样。在李连捷先生逝世10周年之际,仅以此文表达对他的深切怀念。     

农牧交错带典型区农业与牧业用地互动关系研究

利用1989年和2000年的两期Landsat-TM数据和相关的统计资料以及气候数据，应用转移距阵和多元回归分析等研究方法，对地处典型农牧交错带地区的兴和县土地利用变化进行研究，结果表明：农田和草地是研究区域中最主要的土地利用类型，Landsat-TM卫星影像数据和统计数据比较一致地反映农田和草地面积的变化；农田和草地的相互转换率在各种用地相互转化中非常剧烈；农业与牧业用地的互动特征具有明显的区域差异；农业和牧业用地的互动特点是自然因素和社会经济因素同时影响的结果。     

A multi-scale study on land use and land cover quality change: The case of the Yellow River Delta in China

This paper presents a case study of the Yellow River Delta in China, to trace land use and land cover changes during the past 20 years, with an emphasis on land quality changes. Three sets of data are used in this case study: remote sensing data derived from satellite images; crop yield data from statistics; and soil data collected by the researchers in the field. Our study reveals that at the regional scale, LUCC has taken place in a positive direction: vegetation cover has been expanding and crop yields per hectare have been on rise. However, while the overall eco-environment has improved, the improvement is uneven across the Delta region. At local levels, some areas show signs of increased salinization and declining organic content. Both natural forces and human activities are responsible for the LUCC, but human activities play a more important role. While some impacts of human activities are positive, the damages are often long-lasting and irreversible. We also conclude that it is necessary to use both macro data (such as remote sensing data) and micro data (data collected in the field) to study land quality change. The former are efficient in examining land quality changes at the regional scale, the latter can serve to verify ground patterns revealed from macro data and help to identify local variations, so as to get a comprehensive understanding of LUCC and promote sustainable land use and land management. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.