青藏高原内陆水系冰川粒雪线与中值高度趋势面的绘制与主要特征

本选用中国冰川目录数据库中的青藏高原内陆水系冰川粒雪线、中值高度和地理坐标资料，利用计算机绘图方法，绘制出冰川粒支线、中值高度在空间的变化趋势，以便全面认识该地区的冰川发育特征。     

ANALYSIS OF SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE RECORDED IN LAHORE AND MIANWALI OVER THE PAST THREE DECADES

Surface air temperatures recorded over the past three decades at the weather stations located in Lahore (anindustrialized and densely populated city) and Mianwali (a small and sparsely populated city) were analyzed in order tostudy their climatic trend.Lahore,where meteorological data are recorded at two weather stations (city station and air-port station) indicates a cooling trend,of about 0.5℃ per record period of 1953—1992,for the airport station (31°31′N,74°24′E) and a slight warming trend,of about 0.2℃,for the city station (31°33′N,74°20′E) for the record period of 1950—1992.The Mianwali weather station (32°33′N,71°31′E) also shows a slight cooling trend,of about 0.4℃ per recordperiod of 1959—1992.The climatic variability at these stations was studied by computing seasonal and annual tempera-ture anomalies.The results are explained in terms of the local environmental conditions.     

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS ON THE FORMATION OF THE EASTERN PACIFIC SUMMER MONSOON

In this paper,we use a two-dimensional primary equation model which contains (1) heating ofradiation,(2) heating of condensation,and (3) transfers of sensible and latent heat between air andthe underlying surface.To investigate the causes for the formation of the eastern North Pacific sum-mer monsoon,the data at 110°W are obtained and winds at underlying surface and at 200 hPa aremodified under the conditions (1) removing topography and (2) changing meridional sea surface tem-perature (SST) gradient.In the numerical modification,we find that by removing the topography,the center's location ofthe eastern North Pacific summer monsoon does not change,but the intensity of the summer monsoonis weakened.Also the onset of the summer monsoon is delayed to the end of May.The tropical east-erly jet is weakened obviously,even changes to westerly wind.On the other hand,we find that theSST gradient along 110°W influences the eastern North Pacific summer monsoon distinctly.If theSST gradient is decreased,the center of the southwest wind near 12°N does not exist any more.theintensity of the whole summer monsoon becomes very weak and the circulation pattern of the summermonsoon also changes a lot.Finally,we indicate that both topography and meridional SST gradient play important roles inthe occurrence of the eastern North Pacific summer monsoon.The meridional SST gradient is themost important factor that triggers the summer monsoon and the topography along 110°W influencesthe intensity and the onset time of the summer monsoon there mostly.     

攀西地区重力均衡异常的研究

研究表明,康滇地轴及其东部地区属均衡补偿平衡区,西部属强烈上升的异常区。上升的原动力为板块碰撞的构造力与均衡调整力的综合。     

房山花岗闪长岩体长石斑晶的数学特征及相带划分

对北京房山花岗闪长岩体中长石斑晶进行了系统测量,测点密度平均4.37个/km~2,测量标志为长石斑晶长轴长度和长石斑晶线含量等。对测得数据进行了分布统计、有序样品最优分割、和趋势变化分析等处理。揭示了长石斑晶在岩体中的分布规律和数学特征,划分了趋势岩相带,从而提出了较为合理的岩相带划分原则。     

Characteristics of air flow over Andaman islands including precipitation

The characteristics of simulated air flow over Andaman Islands are studied with a two-dimensional version of the University of Virginia meso scale model (UVMM). Using the observed synoptic data as initial conditions, 24 hr simulations are obtained for a day each in April and November. These days are chosen to study the variations in the simulated flow pattern under different synoptic conditions including precipitation effects. A large scale condensation scheme is employed to consider the effect of latent heat release on the perturbations. The results show that the latent heat released by condensation strengthens the intensity of perturbations and the topography accelerates the arrival of sea breeze by about an hour. The model-simulated results, given in graphical form, are discussed and compared with available observations.     

与西太平洋暖池上空对流年际变化相关联的大气环流和海温

诊断分析了热带西太平洋暖池上空对流弱和强的情况下,大气环流和海温所表现出来的差异。本文中西太平洋暖池是指（１１０－１６０°Ｅ,１０－２０°Ｎ）地区,向外射出长波辐射（ＯＬＲ）在该地区具有明显的年际变率。对西太平洋暖池对流弱和强之间大气环流和海温的差别进行了合成分析。首先,利用 ＮＣＥＰ／ ＮＣＡＰ再分析资料和卫星观测的 ＯＬＲ资料进行了分析。之后,利用欧洲中期天气预报中心再分析资料和再分析计算而得的ＯＬＲ资料重复进行了合成分析。合成结果表明由这两套资料所分析得到的结果非常相象。与西太平洋暖池上空弱（强）对流显著对应的大气环流表现为北太平洋副热带高压的西伸（东退）,以及副高西北侧更强（弱）的西风。此外,在局地（即暖池）上空,还显著对应着东（西）风异常和下沉（上升）气流异常。对应于西太平洋暖池对流强弱,最为显著的海温差别（对流弱减去对流强）为印度洋、孟加拉湾和南海的正海温异常。也就是说,西太洋暖池上空的对流与局地海温异常只有微弱的联系,而与其西部的海温异常密切相关。     

鲜水河断裂带的构造大地测量

利用短边GPS点阵、短基线标石阵和精密激光测距 ,在与鲜水河断裂带的断层破裂带垂直的剖面上和构造盆地内进行构造大地测量 ,获得了断层软弱带和断层蠕变带上的最佳形变分布。综合利用相关地学成果和理论 ,揭示了构造形变所隐含的动力学信息 ,识别了断层应变带、塑性流变带和主断面在地面的分布范围。用外围GPS远场联测成果探讨了该断裂带的驱动力机制 ,匡正了其“左旋”运动和现今活动速度的含义。最后 ,评估了该断裂的地震活动趋势     

“准地籍测量”—一种有效的地籍测量模式

“准地籍测量”是在已有的地形图上根据地籍台帐于实地标绘宗地界域线,划分街道、街坊、调查区及编号,调查宗地座落、地名、门牌号码、房屋结构及层数等;基于这种测量模式,其成果以传统的图、表展示已很难适应。实践运用MGE地理信息基础平台开发出的地籍信息管理系统,其准地籍测量约70％的宗地成果与实际确权一致,不失为一种快速、经济有效的地籍测量模式。     

The Relative Impact of Regional Scale Land Cover Change and Increasing CO2 over China

A series of 17-yr equilibrium simulations using the NCAR CCM3 (T42 resolution) were performed to investigate the regional scale impacts of land cover change and increasing CO2 over China. Simulations with natural and current land cover at CO2 levels of 280,355, 430, and 505 ppmv were conducted. Results show statistically significant changes in major climate fields (e.g. temperature and surface wind speed) on a 15-yr average following land cover change. We also found increases in the maximum temperature and in the diurnal temperature range due to land cover change. Increases in CO2 affect both the maximum and minimum temperature so that changes in the diurnal range are small. Both land cover change and CO2 change also impact the frequency distribution of precipitation with increasing CO2 tending to lead to more intense precipitation and land cover change leading to less intense precipitation-indeed, the impact of land cover change typically had the opposite effect versus the impacts of CO2. Our results provide support for the inclusion of future land cover change scenarios in long-term transitory climate inodelling experiments of the 21st Century. Our results also support the inclusion of land surface models that can represent future land cover changes resulting from an ecological response to natural climate variability or increasing CO2. Overall, we show that land cover change can have a significant impact on the regional scale climate of China, and that regionally, this impact is of a similar magnitude to increases in CO2 of up to about 430 ppmv. This means that that the impact of land cover change must be accounted for in detection and attribution studies over China.