南京长江第四大桥索夹的定位测量

以南京长江第四大桥索夹放样为例,介绍该桥索夹位置计算和测量放样的基本方法和流程。分析影响悬索桥索夹放样精度的因素,并加以修正或消除,用以提高索夹放样精度。实践证明本桥索夹放样方法简单、可靠,满足设计要求。     

基于投影法和数学形态学的车牌定位算法

车牌定位是车牌识别系统中的关键技术之一,车牌定位的质量直接影响着后续字符识别的结果。本文提出了一种结合投影法和形态学的车牌定位算法,首先对图像进行预处理,接着利用水平投影算法确定车牌的上下边界,然后利用形态学方法迭代确定车牌的左右边界．最后进行精定位。实验表明,该方法具有较高的定位精度。     

琅岐闽江大桥测量坐标系统的建立与精度分析

介绍了琅岐闽江大桥的概况,阐述了大桥测量坐标系统建立的原理以及转换参数求解的方法,分析了转换参数的精度,结果证明完全满足设计和施工的要求。     

浅析七参数坐标系转换在ArcGIS中的应用

利用Arc GIS的投影变换功能进行坐标系转换,介绍了转换过程中怎样使用七参数模型、布尔莎七参数模型及计算方法,对于抬高投影面和任意中央子午线建立的地方坐标系,在转换过程中要注意哪些操作。     

城市坐标系的建立与申报

为了满足城市建设对测绘基准的要求,需建立相对独立的平面坐标系,我国测绘法等相关法律法规对独立平面坐标系的建立及管理有着明确的要求,本文结合新疆某县城相对独立平面坐标系的建立技术方案、申报材料准备、申报组织以及发布等方面进行了详细论述,希望能为测绘同行和测绘管理单位建立城市相对独立平面坐标系起到一定的参考作用。     

对高斯投影与横轴墨卡托投影差异的研究

借助计算机代数系统Mathematica推导了较为严密的横轴墨卡托投影公式和高斯-克吕格投影公式,通过数值计算对二者进行了分析比较,证明由于公式推导思路和公式的结构不同,两种投影方法在较为严密的计算中还是存在一定的差异的。     

A model‐based data‐driven dictionary learning for seismic data representation

Planar waves events recorded in a seismic array can be represented as lines in the Fourier domain. However, in the real world, seismic events usually have curvature or amplitude variability, which means that their Fourier transforms are no longer strictly linear but rather occupy conic regions of the Fourier domain that are narrow at low frequencies but broaden at high frequencies where the effect of curvature becomes more pronounced. One can consider these regions as localised “signal cones”. In this work, we consider a space–time variable signal cone to model the seismic data. The variability of the signal cone is obtained through scaling, slanting, and translation of the kernel for cone‐limited (C‐limited) functions (functions whose Fourier transform lives within a cone) or C‐Gaussian function (a multivariate function whose Fourier transform decays exponentially with respect to slowness and frequency), which constitutes our dictionary. We find a discrete number of scaling, slanting, and translation parameters from a continuum by optimally matching the data. This is a non‐linear optimisation problem, which we address by a fixed‐point method that utilises a variable projection method with ?₁ constraints on the linear parameters and bound constraints on the non‐linear parameters. We observe that slow decay and oscillatory behaviour of the kernel for C‐limited functions constitute bottlenecks for the optimisation problem, which we partially overcome by the C‐Gaussian function. We demonstrate our method through an interpolation example. We present the interpolation result using the estimated parameters obtained from the proposed method and compare it with those obtained using sparsity‐promoting curvelet decomposition, matching pursuit Fourier interpolation, and sparsity‐promoting plane‐wave decomposition methods.     

Statistical downscaling of reference evapotranspiration in Haihe River Basin: applicability assessment and application to future projection

Future changes in reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) are of increasing importance in assessing the potential impacts on hydrology and water resources systems of more pronounced climate change. This study assesses the applicability of the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) in projecting ET₀, and investigates the seasonal and spatial patterns of future ET₀ based on general circulation models (GCMs) across the Haihe River Basin. The results indicate that SDSM can downscale ET₀ well in term of different basin-averaged measures for the HadCM3 and CGCM3 GCMs. HadCM3 has a much superior capability in capturing inter-annual variability compared to CGCM3 and thus is chosen as the sole model to assess the changes in future ET₀. There are three homogeneous sub-regions of the Haihe River Basin: Northwest, Northeast and Southeast. Change points are detected at around 2050 and 2080 under the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively. The Northwest is revealed to have a slight to strong increase in ET₀, while the Northeast and the Southeast tend to experience a pattern change from decrease to increase in ET₀.

EDITOR M.C. Acreman

ASSOCIATE EDITOR J. Thompson     

第二次土地调查底图生产监理中若干技术的探讨

第二次全国土地调查底图生产是一项重大的系统工程,认真做好二次调查底图生产监理工作可有效保证成果的质量。文章对二次土地调查底图生产的监理流程进行了简单介绍,同时对工作中出现的正射纠正、投影变换以及影像质量检查等若干技术方法进行了一些探讨。     

模糊多属性决策法在海底电缆路由方案比选中的应用

海底电缆预选路由方案的比选需要参考多种指标,这些指标包含定量和定性两种,但各指标间的不可公度性,给路由方案的选择提出挑战。文章提出了一种基于离差思想和模糊向量投影的多属性决策法。首先引入三角模糊数,将定性指标合理量化,构建决策矩阵,规范化后运用离差思想求解各指标权重,然后计算各方案在正理想方案和负理想方案上的投影,最后求出相对贴近度,依据其大小比选出最佳方案。