西藏自治区洛扎县冰湖溃决危险度评价

西藏自治区湖泊星罗棋布,在高山极高山地区分布大量冰湖,受各种因素的影响,有时会产生冰湖溃决并形成灾害。本文根据最新TM遥感影像对西藏自治区洛扎县283个冰湖进行了初步评价。依据冰湖类型、规模、后方现代冰川与冰湖的距离及冰湖离居民地、公路等设施的距离等,将冰湖溃决分为高危险度、中危险度及低危险度。并针对高危险度的冰湖提出防护对策。     

Floodplain–river ecosystems: lateral connections and the implications of human interference

Floodplains are ecotones that form a transition between aquatic and terrestrial environments. These important ecosystems can be described as dynamic spatial mosaics in which water plays an important role in connecting various patches on the floodplain surface. Hydrological connections facilitate the exchange of carbon and nutrients between the river channel and the floodplain and therefore influence the productivity of the entire river system. This paper examines the influence of hydrological connections on the potential exchange of dissolved organic carbon between a large Australian floodplain to a river channel, and the effects of land and water developments on these exchanges. The paper proposes that an understanding of floodplain ecosystems requires an interdisciplinary approach—a recognition of the importance of the three disciplines hydrology, geomorphology and ecology. Large-scale water-resources and floodplain development has significantly altered the spatial and temporal patterns of hydrological characteristics in the Lower Balonne floodplain, Australia. The magnitude, frequency and duration of flooding events have all been reduced. The construction of levees and water storages has also reduced the reactive floodplain surface area. The presented data show the impacts of these changes on the potential supply of dissolved organic carbon from the floodplain surface during periods of inundation. Annual reductions of up to 1293 tonnes of dissolved organic carbon supply were noted and reductions were especially significant for floods with an average recurrence interval of 2 years or less. Some small flood events no longer facilitate the potential supply of dissolved organic carbon from the floodplain to the river channel because of water-resources and floodplain developments.     

油气化探中甲烷碳同位素应用、存在问题与对策研究

阐述了在地表油气化探实践当中甲烷碳同位素对地表土壤烃气成因判别的有效性，但有时也会遇到判断错误的情况。通过对应用实例的分析，指出因忽略了土壤中异常甲烷是一种混合成因甲烷，从而导致判断失误。为全面解决这一问题，提出了同时选送数量相当的背景土壤样品和异常样品进行甲烷同位素测定，然后通过教学方法计算出真实反映来源于油气藏中的甲烷的碳同位素值的对策方案。     

湖泊水下数字高程模型建模方法及应用模型

介绍了当前湖泊水下地形测量的一般方法和作业过程。针对逐点插入构建不规则三角网算法，本文提出了效率改正算法和格网索引号快速计算算法。基于不规则三角网，给出了湖泊水下数字高程模型的一般应用模型——任意点高程计算、填挖方计算模型及等深线计算模型。     

Isotopic Tracing of Trophication Processes over the Last Millennia on Lake Chenghai

Multi-parameter studies (stable isotopes in carbonate and organic matter, pigment,organic carbon and nitrogen contents) from a 660-yr continuous sediment core from Lake Cheng-hai, a closed, eutropic lake in southern China, provide information on lake historical eutrophi-cation. During the last 660 years, great changes have taken place in productivity and eutrophi-cation of Lake Chenghai in response to human activities. In 1690, the productivity of the lakebegan to increase as Lake Chenghai became closed from agriculture in the lake‘‘ s watershed. In 1942, Lake Chenghai evolved to eutrophic state, marked by an increase in organic carbon, ni-trogen, CaC03, pigment contents and obvious negative values of stable isotopes, which is more or less simultaneous with the large-scale population immigration during the period. In 1984, in-tensive human activities induced modern lacustrine productivity and eutrophic level. Human-in-duced trophic changes during the past few decades have affected the Lake Chenghai ecosystem tosuch an extent that it has never experienced before in the last 660 years.     

Geochemical Characteristics of Gold Polymetallic Deposits as Exemplified by the Laozuoshan Deposit,Heilong jiang,China

From the studies of ore deposit geologic settings,sulfur isotopes,lead isotopes,carbon isotopes and oxygen isotopes,fluid inclusions and petrochemistry in this paper,the authors have drawn a conclusion that the ore-forming hydrothermal solutions are the high-temperature magmatic hydrothermal solutions for the gold ore deposit,and at the same time,the involvemety of crustal materials can not be ruled out .It is the first time that the authors have proposed that the Laozuoshan gold-ploymetallic ore deposit in Heilongjiang Province was formed in the calc-alkaline series environment at the margin of an active continent.     

莱州湾南岸平原古湖泊消亡原因初探

莱州湾南岸平原是指西起小清河口，东至胶莱河口的广大沿岸地区，这一地区近年来是我国工农业发展较快的地区，也是我国地下咸水入侵较为严重的地区。历史上，莱州湾南岸平原地区曾有一些湖泊存在，如巨淀湖、黑冢泊、别画湖，但现在早已荡然无存了。研究这些古湖泊的消亡原因对于恢复该区古地理环境以及确立湖迹区今后的发展方向具有十分重要的意义。本文运用查阅历史文献、地层剖面分析、地名考证、遥感解译等多种方法，对莱州湾南岸古湖泊的消亡原因进行了研究与分析，并指出该区古湖泊消亡的原因是气候变干、河流变迁、人类活动影响等，其中气候变化是古湖泊消亡的根本原因，河流变迁是古湖泊消亡的直接原因，而人类活动则加速了古湖泊消亡的进程。     

辽河盆地东部凹陷原油的碳同位素组成特征

通过对辽河盆地东部凹陷原油的饱和烃、芳烃的碳同位素组成特征、原油同位素类型和单体烃同位素特征进行研究 ,发现整个东部凹陷原油及其组分的碳同位素值偏重 ,指示其源岩有机质中藻类和低等水生生物的贡献较少 ;饱和烃—芳烃的碳同位素值关系揭示东部凹陷大部分原油样品与沙河街组沙三段烃源岩的特征相近 ,而南部和北部地区少数样品表现出负的碳同位素异常 ,与该区中生界源岩样品的接近 ,推测原油中可能混入了中生界来源的油气。南部地区各样品的碳同位素类型曲线和单体烃的碳同位素曲线均相似 ,揭示了两者具相同的油气来源。北部地区各原油样品的单体烃的碳同位素类型曲线间具有相似的分布特征 ,但茨榆坨地区的原油样品的碳同位素值比牛居地区的系统偏轻 ,可能是成熟度相对较低引起的 ,表明茨榆坨地区原油具有早期成藏的特征。原油的碳同位素组成特征是研究油气来源和成藏特征分析的一种重要手段。     

总磷作为饮用水生物稳定性控制指标的研究

根据国内提出的控制饮用水生物稳定性的可同化有机碳(AOC)标准,通过配制水样研究了AOC及细菌再生长潜力(BRP)同水中磷含量的关系;同时针对净水工艺试验出水水样,考察了水中的磷同其生物稳定性的关系。结果表明,对于配水水样,在一定的磷浓度范围内,磷是水中细菌生长的限制因子;在净水试验工艺出水水样中添加50μg/L的PO₄3--P后,AOC增加了55%,BRP增加了123%,表明水中磷是其生物稳定性的限制因子。由于常规的净水工艺对水中的磷可以有效去除,把水中总磷(TP)控制在5μg/L内来提高饮用水生物稳定性具有一定的可能性和现实性。     

CFRP对砖墙抗震加固对比试验研究与计算分析

结合一工程实践的需要，通过5片碳纤维布加固的新建墙体在周期反复荷载作用下的试验，研究了碳纤维布加固对砌体结构抗震性能的影响，以及砌砌体在碳纤维布加固后的受力特性，比较了不同加固方案对砖砌体加固效果的影响，在此基础上讨论了对碳纤维布加固砖墙抗剪承载力计算模型，并提出了简化计算公式。