全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3232篇 |
免费 | 183篇 |
国内免费 | 210篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1498篇 |
大气科学 | 154篇 |
地球物理 | 284篇 |
地质学 | 683篇 |
海洋学 | 187篇 |
天文学 | 17篇 |
综合类 | 349篇 |
自然地理 | 453篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 24篇 |
2022年 | 55篇 |
2021年 | 73篇 |
2020年 | 86篇 |
2019年 | 76篇 |
2018年 | 60篇 |
2017年 | 136篇 |
2016年 | 121篇 |
2015年 | 119篇 |
2014年 | 161篇 |
2013年 | 217篇 |
2012年 | 218篇 |
2011年 | 208篇 |
2010年 | 136篇 |
2009年 | 153篇 |
2008年 | 190篇 |
2007年 | 250篇 |
2006年 | 230篇 |
2005年 | 215篇 |
2004年 | 180篇 |
2003年 | 175篇 |
2002年 | 124篇 |
2001年 | 95篇 |
2000年 | 79篇 |
1999年 | 60篇 |
1998年 | 50篇 |
1997年 | 25篇 |
1996年 | 22篇 |
1995年 | 16篇 |
1994年 | 21篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3625条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
161.
分析了数字化地理信息数据生产和管理的现状,从数据生产组织管理模式、数据管理和服务模式两方面阐述了目前基础地理空间数据的生产管理和数据共享中存在的问题。提出了面向测绘地理信息数据生产加工、以基础地理空间数据库为核心的数据管理和服务技术体系,采用C/S模式分布式体系结构进行系统功能设计,建立信息化测绘的多源测绘产品管理系统。 相似文献
162.
163.
Geodatabase版本控制原理剖析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
随着地理信息系统的发展及其应用的不断扩大,多用户并发操作、长事务处理以及历史数据回溯管理成为大型空间数据库的基本要求,ESRI在面向对象地理模型(Geodatabase数据模型)中通过版本控制为空间数据库的上述要求提供了有效的解决方案。本文详细分析了Geodatabase版本控制基本原理,为建立、管理大型空间数据库以及研究开发全新面向对象空间数据库管理系统提供参考。 相似文献
164.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):505-520
In this paper, an overview of phases for modelling and mapping third dimension of spatial objects in a database is presented based on a selected spatial database management system (DBMS). These phases include (1) defining a spatial reference system for representing three-dimensional (3D) objects with real-world coordinates, (2) geometric modelling of 3D objects in the database, (3) 3D spatial indexing for fast accessing/querying the 3D data, 3D spatial queries and representation of 3D data. Then, a case study is performed to assess needs, possibilities and potential limitations of 3D data modelling in the spatial database. 相似文献
165.
Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Database Created by the China Meteorological Administration 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
Xiaoqin LU Hui YU Ming YING Bingke ZHAO Shuai ZHANG Limin LIN Lina BAI Rijin WAN 《大气科学进展》2021,38(4):690-699
This paper describes the access to, and the content, characteristics, and potential applications of the tropical cyclone(TC) database that is maintained and actively developed by the China Meteorological Administration, with the aim of facilitating its use in scientific research and operational services. This database records data relating to all TCs that have passed through the western North Pacific(WNP) and South China Sea(SCS) since 1949. TC data collection has expanded over recent decades via continuous TC monitoring using remote sensing and specialized field detection techniques,allowing collation of a multi-source TC database for the WNP and SCS that covers a long period, with wide coverage and many observational elements. This database now comprises a wide variety of information related to TCs, such as historical or real-time locations(i.e., best track and landfall), intensity, dynamic and thermal structures, wind strengths, precipitation amounts, and frequency. This database will support ongoing research into the processes and patterns associated with TC climatic activity and TC forecasting. 相似文献
166.
通过作者使用新技术进行安阳市土地利用更新调查的体会,指出了新技术存在的优势及新老技术结合的方法,并对更新调查的基本要求与程序作了比较详细的说明,最后指出利用MapGIS等地理信息软件进行二次开发从而实现土地利用现状图、文、表一体化的工作方式和变更、管理的一体化将成为土地利用调查及管理的主要方向. 相似文献
167.
WOLFGANG KAINZ 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):253-254
The introduction of automated generalisation procedures in map production systems requires that generalisation systems are capable of processing large amounts of map data in acceptable time and that cartographic quality is similar to traditional map products. With respect to these requirements, we examine two complementary approaches that should improve generalisation systems currently in use by national topographic mapping agencies. Our focus is particularly on self‐evaluating systems, taking as an example those systems that build on the multi‐agent paradigm. The first approach aims to improve the cartographic quality by utilising cartographic expert knowledge relating to spatial context. More specifically, we introduce expert rules for the selection of generalisation operations based on a classification of buildings into five urban structure types, including inner city, urban, suburban, rural, and industrial and commercial areas. The second approach aims to utilise machine learning techniques to extract heuristics that allow us to reduce the search space and hence the time in which a good cartographical solution is reached. Both approaches are tested individually and in combination for the generalisation of buildings from map scale 1:5000 to the target map scale of 1:25 000. Our experiments show improvements in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. We provide evidence that both approaches complement each other and that a combination of expert and machine learnt rules give better results than the individual approaches. Both approaches are sufficiently general to be applicable to other forms of self‐evaluating, constraint‐based systems than multi‐agent systems, and to other feature classes than buildings. Problems have been identified resulting from difficulties to formalise cartographic quality by means of constraints for the control of the generalisation process. 相似文献
168.
Co-management and the co-production of knowledge: Learning to adapt in Canada's Arctic 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Derek Armitage Fikret BerkesAaron Dale Erik Kocho-SchellenbergEva Patton 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(3):995-1004
Co-management institutional arrangements have an important role in creating conditions for social learning and adaptation in a rapidly changing Arctic environment, although how that works in practice has not been clearly articulated. This paper draws on three co-management cases from the Canadian Arctic to examine the role of knowledge co-production as an institutional trigger or mechanism to enable learning and adapting. Experience with knowledge co-production across the three cases is variable but outcomes illustrate how co-management actors are learning to learn through uncertainty and environmental change, or learning to be adaptive. Policy implications of this analysis are highlighted and include the importance of a long-term commitment to institution building, an enabling policy environment to sustain difficult social processes associated with knowledge co-production, and the value of diverse modes of communication, deliberation and social interaction. 相似文献
169.
城市住宅价格时空格局及演变特征是衡量城市房地产市场发展均衡性的重要指标。针对海量的互联网实时房产数据,本文构建了一种长时序时空大数据挖掘方法。首先,利用挂牌数据和成交数据,进行了泛在网络地产数据的可用性验证;其次,提出了“混合像元”的多尺度栅格模型,以构建基于栅格系统的房产统计特征描述,形成了多源网络房产数据融合方法;然后分别采用莫兰指数和地理探测器分析房价的空间自相关性和分异性,并基于P-Bshade和邻近栅格时空插值算法解决了稀疏房产数据的融合与插值问题,构建了长时序房地产时空栅格数据库;最后,以北京六环范围内为研究区域,通过栅格区划算法进行了二手房价格时空演变格局的挖掘分析。 相似文献
170.