老滑坡路段路堑开挖与超前支护效果

为防止老滑坡路段路堑开挖过程中出现路堑边坡失稳的问题,以在建某高速公路老滑坡段路堑失稳边坡为例,借助数值分析,进行了老滑坡路段路堑开挖与超前支护效果研究。结果表明：1）一般宽平台开挖模式能提高边坡的整体稳定性;然而,对于存在具有膨胀性质滑带土的牵引式老滑坡,坡脚采用宽平台刷坡减重不利于路堑边坡的稳定,必须要采取超前支护,如锚索、抗滑桩等,必要时要紧急采取清方卸载措施。2）锚索超前支护能够有效抑制边坡变形,需采用有效措施提高设置在坡脚处锚索的抗拉强度,如施加预应力等。3）抗滑桩超前支护应注意桩位、桩长、桩距的优化设计。建议抗滑桩采用锚拉,对桩前坡体中的滑带进行超前注浆,有必要沿老滑坡主滑方向布置多排抗滑桩,或采用h型桩体设计。     

平缓反倾红砂岩高陡切坡的稳定性分析

以沪渝高速公路湖北段平缓反倾红砂岩为研究对象,在平缓反倾红砂岩高陡边坡中岩体易软化崩解。自然冲侵蚀形成的高陡山体卸荷变形可达几十毫米至近百毫米,卸荷变形破裂方向与构造节理重叠,使节理裂隙变宽,贯通性提高,为高陡坡体提供了顺坡向陡直破裂面。加之公路切坡卸荷变形和坡体软化变形,岩体软化后的变形模量下降约80%,卸荷变形和软化变形各有数毫米的变形量,与自然坡体卸荷重叠,使坡体变形进一步加大,使红砂岩坡体潜在不稳定性增大。同时地下水作用使卸荷裂隙充填一定高度的静水压力,还使岩体产生软化,岩块软化系数一般在0.3~0.7,导致岩体强度显著下降,30～40 m高的静水压力可使边坡的稳定性系数从开挖前的5.56降至1.96,开挖后从2.77降至1.07,这两方面的作用可使切坡后较稳定的反倾坡体变化到极限平衡状态,甚至失稳状态。因此,施工中要特别注意切坡后的即时加固,并采取措施防止卸荷裂隙中地下水聚积,减少地下水对坡体的软化。     

碎裂岩石路堑边坡稳定性评价与安全防护设计

以湖北省209省道宣恩段东门关隧道进口段的典型碎裂结构路堑岩质边坡为例,针对该边坡工程地质、水文地质、岩体结构特征以及前期变形破坏迹象,判断出边坡的变形破坏模式。在此基础上,通过现行规范推荐的不平衡推力法,对边坡的稳定性进行评价,并进行了安全防护设计。在设计过程中,针对常规技术容易出现的冒顶剪出、桩间土挤出和锚索预应力损失衰减等问题,提出避开使用此类技术,而采用削坡、锚杆、格构以及挡墙等措施,试图为解决碎裂结构岩石路堑边坡的分析与防护难题提出一种新的思路。     

A simple criterion for the machinability of hard rocks

Conclusions The application of mechanical methods for rapid excavation requires more detailed and precise knowledge of the site, but there is no single parameter which can provide a comprehensive measure for the selection and performance of a tunnel boring machine.The machinability index proposed in this paper is based on four different parameters which influence the performance of a tunnelling machine and are widely accepted by the engineers and geologists. In order to develop a comprehensive measure regarding the borability of rocks,in situ conditions must be evaluated. The machinability index coupled with thein situ information would facilitate judicious decisions regarding the application and selection of tunnel boring machines.The geological conditions and rock characteristics cannot be controlled but their knowledge can prevent costly mistakes in equipment selection and assist in identifying alternative excavation systems, therefore a thorough site investigation can substantially reduce the economic and technical risks associated with tunnelling and mine development.     

蘑菇状金伯利岩体上视电阻率异常特征

简要论述了选择低阻蘑菇状模型模拟金伯利岩体的地质依据,着重分析了联合剖面装置、对称四极测深ρ_3异常特征。     

Is the cutting of oil contaminated marshes an efficient clean-up technique in a subtropical estuary?

Cutting and removal of oil-impacted marsh plants are still used worldwide as a clean-up and recovery technique. To experimentally test the efficacy of cutting and removing marsh plants under subtropical conditions, we simulated an oil spill (Bunker MF-180) in Spartina alterniflora marshes and compared the responses of plant height, biomass, density of culms and number of flowering plants in high and low energy areas in Paranaguá Bay (S Brazil) for about 9 months. Cutting and removal were inefficient in promoting or accelerating the recovery of the impacted areas. Cut or uncut impacted marshes fully recovered within 6 months, both in low and high energy areas. Plant cutting should be practiced only when there is an effective risk of contamination of groundwater near urban areas, when obvious aesthetical issues are involved in areas of touristic interest or when there are real short-term conservation risks to threatened species.     

基于GA参数辨识的直流伺服电机PID调节器的设计

针对数控火焰切割机自动调高系统的特点和要求,采用遗传算法对其位置调节器PID参数进行全局优化辨识,有效地解决了直流伺服电机的控制精度和快速性的问题.仿真结果表明,与传统的参数辨识法相比,遗传算法参数寻优使自动调高系统的动态性能大幅提高,具有很强的鲁棒性.     

基于面片裁切技术的点云轮廓线生成算法

随着点云在各个领域的广泛应用,对点云处理相关技术的研究更为活跃。目前,研究的热点主要集中在点云去噪、配准、分割、增强、特征提取和重建等方面。其中,特征提取起着承前启后的作用,具有十分重要的研究价值。基于面片裁切技术的点云轮廓线生成算法。首先,对点云数据进行面片提取,通过面片生长、融合生成特征面片,并根据提出的面片双向索引法快速构造特征线,最终实现点云平面轮廓线的生成。实验证明,本算法可快速、准确、有效地实现点云轮廓线的生成。