Platinum‐Group Element Results for Two Cobalt‐Rich Seamount Crust Ultra‐Fine Reference Materials: MCPt‐1and MCPt‐2

Two Co‐rich seamount crust reference materials, MCPt‐1 and MCPt‐2, were prepared using ultra‐fine particle size milling technique and characterised for the platinum‐group elements (PGEs). The raw material for these two reference materials was collected separately from the Magellan seamounts of the western Pacific Ocean and the seamounts of the central Pacific Ocean by Russian and Chinese scientists. First, they were ground by ball mill to a ?200 mesh powder, then further processed by ultra‐fine jet mill and well‐mixed. The particle size distributions of the samples were tested by a laser particle analyser; the average particle size was 1.8 and 1.5 μm (equal to about 2000 mesh) respectively. The homogeneity of six major and minor elements in these two materials was tested at the milligram level of sampling mass by high‐precision wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and at the microgram level of sampling mass by electron probe microanalyser. The homogeneity of more than forty trace elements, including Pt, was tested at the microgram level of sampling mass by LA‐ICP‐MS. Except for Rh, all PGEs were determined by isotope dilution‐ICP‐MS. Platinum in MCPt‐1 and MCPt‐2 was characterised as certified values, whereas the other five PGEs in MCPt‐1 and MCPt‐2 were reported as reference values. In addition, the information values of sixty‐two major, minor and trace elements were obtained by XRF, ICP‐AES and ICP‐MS. The minimum sampling mass for the determination of PGEs was 1 g, while the minimum sampling mass for the determination of the other elements was 2–5 mg.     

新疆喀拉通克铜镍硫化物矿床铂族矿物特征、成因及其形成过程

通过矿相学和电子探针研究发现,新疆喀拉通克矿床铂族矿物以Pt、Pd、Ni的碲化物、铋化物固溶体系列矿物为主,矿物分布不均匀,主要分布在块状矿石的磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿等硫化物中,粒径多为3～5μm。矿物组合和相图分析显示,多数铂族矿物为岩浆熔离成因,个别矿物颗粒可能为热液叠加成矿的产物。岩浆中S不饱和时,PGE可能形成铂铑合金,局部氧逸度升高导致铬铁矿、磁铁矿等氧化物结晶,合金被早期结晶的硅酸盐矿物和氧化物包裹。硫化物熔离大量的PGE进入硫化物熔体,伴随硫化物熔体的分异,部分铂族矿物被包裹在单硫化物固溶体中;高温条件下结晶的Pd(+Pt,Ni)-Bi-Te固溶体系列矿物不稳定,随着温度的降低,Pd(+Pt,Ni)-Bi-Te固溶体出溶形成上述铂族矿物组合,MSS裂解铂族矿物被排出,岩浆热液可能形成少量具热液成因特征的铂族矿物。     

波群内单个波的波陡分布与波破碎

对波群内单个波的波陡分布和波破碎进行了实验研究。研究结果是,波群中波动的最大振幅出现在波群前部而不是出现在波群中央,这种不对称性导致波群前部单个波出现大波陡的概率大于后部单个波出现大波陡的概率;进一步的波破碎统计发现波群前部单个波破碎的频率是后部单个波破碎频率的4倍。因此认为,波群结构的不对称性能够导致单个波发生破碎的...     

中国东海北部泥质区敏感粒度组分对东亚季风演变的响应

本文运用粒级一标准偏差方法对FJ04孔146cm以上部分进行敏感粒度组分分析与提取,证明选取的敏感粒度组分是本区重要的环境替代性指标,其平均粒径的变化可以用来指示东亚季风的强弱。获得了东海北部泥质区3ka以来东亚冬季风强度的演化过程,结果表明东亚季风经历了两个主要的演变阶段：①3．1．15kaB．P．为东亚冬季风较弱,...     

水生植物对受污水体净化作用的研究进展

利用水生植物净化水体技术对恢复水体环境具有投资和运行成本低、维护和管理简便、改善景现和生物多样性、回收资源与能源、收获经济作物等优点.本文在阐述水生植物净化水体污染物机理的基础上,综述了近年来国内外出现的主要水生植物净化水体技术:人工湿地、浮岛技术、水生植被的修复和重建等.     

基于改进TAE算法的城市热岛信息提取技术

在使用遥感数据提取煤火热异常信息的TAE算法的基础上,根据城市热岛特点对算法进行了改进,提出了针对城市热岛研究的Urban-TAE算法,即U-TAE算法.该算法使用不同范围的滑动窗口来探测整幅图像,根据稳健估计的方法设定地表温度高于全部像元以及窗口内像元温度统计均值+标准差的像元为热异常像元,并将滑动窗口的范围设置在5...     

Characteristics of urban heat island effect in Lhasa City

This paper analyzes the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in Lhasa City of Tibet using meteorological observations, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST) data obtained from Earth Observing System/Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (EOS/MODIS) information, and correlation and composite analyses. The results show: (1) Areas with high temperature are primarily located in the center of the city or nearby counties, while low temperature areas are in the suburbs of counties. The area with high temperature has expanded in recent years and some high-temperature centers have even migrated to certain other regions. (2) The UHI intensity tends to be stronger both in annual and seasonal variations, especially in winter. Also, LST is somewhat positively related to mean air temperature. (3) A negative correlation exists between the changes of LST and NDVI with the increase of vegetation from urban to rural areas in different seasons. (4) The UHI intensity is negatively correlated with precipitation while positively correlated with wind speed, and the relation between the UHI intensity and evaporation varies with the seasons, namely, the intensity is positively correlated with summer evaporation but negatively correlated with winter evaporation. (5) UHI intensity might be enhanced by intensified urbanization, wherein built-up areas expand, there is increased heat from human activity, and there is more artificial heat input to the atmosphere.     

3D MODEL STUDY ON FOG OVER COMPLEX TERRAIN—PART Ⅰ:NUMERICAL STUDY

A three-dimensional fog model,suitable for precipitous and complex terrain,is designed contain-ing four prognostic variables—wind speed,potential temperature,specific humidity and mixing ratioof liquid water.The model considers turbulent exchange,the long-wave radiation on the ground sur-face and in the air.the short-wave solar radiation,the evaporation and condensation of moisture andthe surface heat budget and so on.In order to make the model run steadily on precipitous and complexterrain,we have improved the method of calculating horizontal pressure gradient force in the terraincoordinate system.The results coincide on the whole with the actual situation.     

成都城市发展对气候影响的初步探讨

本文通过成都城市发展前后气候要素变化的对比分析,探索了城市化对成都市气候影响的基本规律,并用统计方法得出了城市“热岛”强度(△T,△Tmin)与城市人口总户数及建成区面积密切相关的客观事实,为改善和治理成都城市气候提供了一定的依据。     

煤矿开采对明水泉的影响浅析

明水泉群为我国北方罕见的岩溶大泉，具有典型的雨源型特征。大气降水和雨洪水下渗后，向明水一带汇集，受西部文祖断层阻挡而富集，受上覆煤系地层阻隔而承压，在特定的构造条件下，沿断层破碎带或人工钻孔涌出地表，便形成明水泉群。煤系地层是明水泉群形成和存在的基本地质条件之一。煤矿开采吸引大量岩溶泉水，而且破坏原生的地质结构，影响明水泉群的正常出流，危及明水泉群的存在。针对煤矿开采对明水泉群的影响，建议实施相应保泉措施。