系泊方柱在畸形波与波群伴生波浪作用下运动响应试验研究

畸形波与波群伴生波浪作用于系泊浮体,和常规随机波浪作用比较,运动响应时频域特征均将发生显著变化。基于物理模型试验,采用小波方法计算伴生波浪和常规随机波浪作用下系泊浮体运动响应的时频域特征变化及波群因子与浮体运动响应时频域特征的定量关系。结果表明:伴生波浪作用下浮体运动响应显著大于常规随机波浪的作用结果,且波群因子G A对浮体运动响应时频域特征有显著影响;伴生波浪作用下浮体纵荡运动的广义能量谱E(t)统计特征值E max(t)、E 1/10(t)、E 1/3(t)、E average(t)均明显大于相同波谱下常规随机波浪的结果,且随着波群因子G A增大显著增大;伴生波浪作用下各运动响应能量集中度δE显著大于常规随机波浪作用结果,且能量集中时域分布范围参数ΔT E以纵荡运动分量最为显著。     

海水中大分子有机质对铂族元素的吸附动力学研究

Adsorption kinetics of the interaction between Pt, Pd and Rh(defined here as platinum group elements, PGEs)ions and macromolecular organic compounds(MOCs, 10 kDa), including humic acid, carrageenan and bovine serum albumin, and different cutoff fractions of natural organic matter(1 kDa and 3 kDa) obtained from seawater using centrifugal ultrafiltration devices were investigated. For a given element, all the adsorption kinetics did not reach equilibrium except the interaction between Pt and 1 kDa cutoff, and between Pd and humic acid.For all the tested MOCs, the adsorption kinetics could be divided into two stages, a rapid adsorption process in the first 8 h and the desorption stage after the first 8 h until the equilibrium. The change trend of partition coefficient(log_(10)K_d) values with experiment time was consistent with that of the kinetic curves. However, in the interaction between PGE ions and natural dissolved organic matter(NDOM), an obvious difference in the change trends of log_(10)K_d and kinetic curves was observed. It indicated that the partition behavior of PGE ions interacting with NDOM in seawater was a combined effect of different organic constituents. The adsorption and log_(10)K_d of PGEs in the 1 kDa NDOM fraction were higher and more stable than those in the 3 kDa NDOM fraction. The results also indicated that the 1–3 kDa NDOM may dominate the interaction between PGEs ions and NDOM. Moreover, no kinetic model could perfectly simulate the adsorption process. It indicated that the colloidal struction and morphology of MOCs or NDOM in seawater might be inhomogeneous. Hence, the interaction between PGE ions and organic matter in seawater was a complicated process and needs further research.     

A new species of the genus Haloschizopera Lang, 1944(Copepoda,Harpacticoida, Miraciidae,Diosaccinae) from the East China Sea

A new species belonging to the genus Haloschizopera Lang, 1944 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Miraciidae, Diosaccinae) was identifi ed based on the samples collected from the East China Sea, near the off shore of Zhejiang Province, East China. The new species is closely related to H . pygmaea Norman & Sccot T., 1905 and shares a combination of the following features: A1 eight-segmented;A2 exp-2 with one distal seta, exp-3 with three setae;P1 endopodal segments subequal, enp-1 not exceeding exp-2;exp-3 of P3 with one inner seta, of P4 with two inner setae. The new species is characterized by the presence of one inner seta on P2 exp-3 of both sexes. It can also be distinguished from its congeners by the characters of female: P5 exopod subcircular, endopodal lobe extending beyond half-length of exopod;genital doublesomite ornamented with three dorsolateral rows of spinules on anterior part.     

枯季长江口南汇东滩潮间带盐沼湿地冲淤变化对大型底栖动物功能群的影响

盐沼湿地的冲淤变化是影响大型底栖动物功能群组成及其分布特征的一个重要因素。本文选择长江口南汇东滩作为研究区域,设置固定样地,分别于2015年11月和2016年2月,进行了大型底栖动物和沉积物理化因子的季节性取样分析,并在期间内每月进行滩面冲淤变化的观测,分析了枯季长江口南汇东滩潮间带盐沼湿地冲淤变化对大型底栖动物功能群的影响及作用机理。调研期间共采集到大型底栖动物37种,从功能群组成来看,以杂食者居多,共25种;植食者次之,共7种;肉食者最少,仅为5种。3种食性功能群的物种数、密度和生物量的时空变化特征有所不同。调研期间,3个功能群物种数都略有下降;植食者密度显著增加（P<0.01）,而肉食者、杂食者密度变化不显著（P>0.05）;3个功能群的生物量变化均不显著（P>0.05）。植食者密度和生物量在样地间都存在极显著差异（P<0.01）;肉食者和杂食者仅密度在2016年2月的调研中存在样地间的显著差异（P<0.05）。不同样地月际冲淤变化特征有所不同,但总体均呈淤涨态势。多数环境因子存在显著的空间差异（P<0.05）,仅不同深度的沉积物中值粒径在样地间无显著差异（P>0.05）。滩面冲淤变化对沉积物理化指标的变化具有主导作用。通过非线性回归分析筛选出的与各功能群物种数、密度、生物量变化具有显著相关性（P<0.05）的环境因子组合存在差异。其中,对植食者密度、生物量的变化和肉食者物种数的变化有显著影响的环境因子组合中都包含绝对冲淤变化量。滩面冲淤变化除对大型底栖动物产生直接影响外,还会通过改变沉积物理化因子特征,间接对大型底栖动物产生影响。对于3种食性功能群来说,产生影响作用的主要生境因子存在明显差异。虽然各食性功能群的物种数均有下降,但相对另外两种功能群而言,沉积物中的营养环境还是更利于杂食者的生存,因此杂食者在竞争过程中更具优势。未来相关研究需要在多因子系统监测的基础上,结合洪季的观测结果,进行综合分析。     

几种海藻粗多糖的理化性质及结构特征分析

主要采用傅里叶红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR)、气相色谱(gas chromatography, GC)和凝胶渗透色谱(gel permeation chromatography, GPC)方法对5种海藻粗多糖的单糖组成、官能团、分子量进行了初步分析。结果显示5种海藻粗多糖均含有木糖和岩藻糖, 其中南方团扇藻多糖含有较为丰富的山梨糖, 属于大分子量均一性多糖, 而孔石莼多糖分子量分布较宽, 均一性较差。红外光谱分析结果表明, 5种粗多糖均为酸性多糖, 棒叶蕨藻、琼枝麒麟菜和匍枝马尾藻多糖具有明显的硫酸基团吸收峰, 琼枝麒麟菜多糖存在呋喃糖和吡喃糖, 并且吡喃糖苷键可能存在β和α两种类型。明胶氯化钡实验结果指出南方团扇藻多糖的硫酸基团含量为38.43%(±2.38%), 明显高于其他几种海藻多糖, 而棒叶蕨藻多糖的硫酸基团含量最低, 仅为8.92%(±1.04%)。     

丝绸之路经济带西段五省区旅游资源群开发潜力评价

陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏和新疆五省区构成了丝绸之路经济带西段区域,科学地评价该区域旅游资源,有利于合理开发旅游资源、挖掘旅游发展潜力,促进丝绸之路经济带西段的发展。本文以丝绸之路经济带西段即中国西北五省区为研究对象,构建旅游资源开发潜力综合评价指标体系,利用多层次灰色评价法对旅游资源群的开发潜力进行评价。研究结果表明:丝绸之路经济带西段五省区拥有丰富的旅游资源,同时高品位的旅游资源与丝路文化紧密相关,空间分布与丝绸之路经济带大体一致。在空间上,三类旅游资源群呈现与丝绸之路经济带走向的一致性,体现出各具特色的空间集聚优势,即自然风景旅游资源群主要以兰州和西宁为中心,呈现椭圆状分布;遗址遗迹旅游资源群主要以西安为中心,呈现放射状分布;综合风景旅游资源主要以乌鲁木齐为中心,呈现带状分布。旅游资源的数量、类型、级别和开发程度呈现"整体分散"与"局部集中"并存的特点,但许多高品位的旅游资源还处于原生态,尚未进行规模化开发,以此为丝绸之路沿线旅游资源利用及区域旅游合作提供理论依据。     

西昆仑库孜——带长城纪火山岩地球化学特征及地质意义

西昆仑库孜一带长城纪赛图拉岩群为一套火山熔岩-火山碎屑岩-沉积岩组合,火山岩主体为中酸性岩。通过对该地区长城纪火山岩分布特征、岩石学特征及地球化学特征进行分析研究,划分了2个火山喷发旋回。2个喷发旋回岩性无明显区别,均为一套中酸性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩、沉积岩建造。第一喷发旋回自下而上见7个喷发韵律,爆发指数为41.70%,喷溢指数24.51%,该旋回岩相总体表现为爆发—喷溢—沉积—爆发—沉积—爆发的特点;第二喷发旋回自下而上见4个喷发韵律,爆发指数为46.67%,喷溢指数为18.15%,该旋回岩相总体表现为爆发—沉积—爆发—沉积—爆发的特点,揭示了西昆仑库孜一带古塔里木陆块裂解古洋盆的演化特征,对研究该地区古陆块裂解具有一定的借鉴意义。     

塔里木陆块周缘岩浆Cu-Ni-Co硫化物矿床形成的探讨

因新发现的夏日哈木超大型岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床成岩成矿研究存在争议,对岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床的成因机制又引发新一轮的关注。中国造山带中铜镍钴硫化物矿床具有鲜明的分布特点,20世纪80年代东天山黄山东等一批岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床的发现,曾经提出蛇绿岩形成铜镍钴硫化物矿床的观点,而后出现了洋壳削减闭合陆-陆碰撞后新生陆壳裂陷槽环境形成铜镍钴矿的主流认识;进入21世纪后,随着塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省的提出,开始将东天山和新疆北山的岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床与塔里木大火成岩省的形成关联起来,并认为是地幔柱作用的结果。但随着研究的深入,由于含铜镍钴镁铁-超镁铁岩地球化学具有典型的岛弧特征,又将东天山铜镍钴矿床的形成与俯冲削减的板片再次联系了起来,导致岩浆型铜镍钴硫化物矿床形成背景还存在较大争议。我们认为岩石微量元素显示岛弧信息,是俯冲交代及地壳混染引起的地球化学屏蔽效应;铬尖晶石成分及所反映的氧逸度环境指示为张性环境,而非岛弧。塔里木陆块周缘3期岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床成矿代表了中国最重要的3期成镍事件,实际反映了塔里木陆块在全球大陆聚散演化中与超大陆之间关键的聚散事件:(1)新元古代金川Cu-Ni-PGE矿成矿代表了由于地幔柱作用以塔里木、扬子和西澳大利亚陆块之间的裂解为起点的罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解事件,直至早古生代形成原特提斯洋-古亚洲洋;(2)早古生代末夏日哈木Ni-Co矿则是代表冈瓦纳大陆南部裂解从而形成古特提斯洋的标志性事件;(3)晚古生代早二叠世坡一Cu-Ni矿应是地幔柱作用潘吉亚超大陆生长大火成岩省的深成相组成。本文系统总结了3个矿床的成矿特征,并对比了3个矿床的区别。尽管坡一在3个矿床中有基性程度最高的母岩浆,但坡一相对于夏日哈木、金川显示出低的地壳混染程度,特别是地壳硫混染程度,这可能是坡一成矿相对差的主要原因。此外坡一不仅地壳混染程度低,且其混染了较多的钙质,抑制了硫化物饱和。     

孤南洼陷孤南30井沙三段岩石地层特征与有利储集层研究

本文以岩石学及沉积学为理论指导,以孤南30井沙三段的岩心、钻井、测井、录井、试油等资料为基础,对孤南30井沙河街组沙三段岩石地层的划分展开了研究,并寻找其有利储集层。研究表明:孤南30井沙河街组沙三段主要发育河流和湖泊两种类型沉积相,可分为4个砂层组,10个小层;沙三段中下部沉积水体较深,泥岩与砂岩互层,砂体含量增高,有利于形成良好的储集层,又发育有厚层灰质油泥岩,形成了较好的生储盖圈闭。     

The Late Jurassic Zedong ophiolite: A remnant of subduction initiation within the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (southern Tibet) and its tectonic implications

The Zedong ophiolite is the largest ophiolite massif east of Dazhuqu in the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone in the southern Tibetan Plateau. However, its age, geodynamic setting and relationship to the Xigaze ophiolite remain controversial. New zircon U–Pb ages, whole-rock geochemical and Nd–Pb isotopic data from ophiolitic units provide constraints on the geodynamic and tectonic evolution of the Zedong ophiolite. U–Pb zircon geochronology of dolerite lavas and late gabbro–diabase dikes yield weighted mean ages of 153.9 ± 2.5 Ma and 149.2 ± 5.1 Ma, respectively. Strong positive ε_Nd(t) and positive Δ7/4Pb and Δ8/4Pb values indicate derivation from a highly depleted mantle source with an isotopic composition similar to that of the Indian MORB-type mantle. The geochemistry of ophiolitic lavas and early dikes are analogous to typical island arc tholeiites whereas late dikes are similar to boninites. The geochemistry of these rock types suggests multi-stage partial melting of the mantle and gradually enhanced subduction influences to the mantle source through time. Combined with the MORB-like 162.9 ± 2.8 Ma Luobusha ophiolitic lavas, we suggest that the Luobusha lavas, Zedong lavas and early dikes originated in an infant proto-arc setting whereas late dikes in the Zedong ophiolite originated in a forearc setting. Together, they represent a Neo-Tethyan subduction initiation sequence. The Late Jurassic intra-oceanic proto-arc to forearc setting of the Zedong ophiolite contrasts with the continental margin forearc setting for the Xigaze ophiolite, which suggests a laterally complex geodynamic setting for ophiolites along the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone.