青海南部环境质量与可持续发展的障碍因素分析

青海南部由玉树州和果洛州组成,为纯牧区,本文从可持续发展的观点出发,研究了本区的环境质量问题,对障碍生态环境可持续发展的要素－低氧含量、低温与草场退化进行了深入的分析,提出低氧含量存在的自然地理原理,而草场退化的产生除自然条件外,鼠害与人类活动致使过牧、过载也是重要的原因。     

一种智能的最短航线构建方法

航线的优化设计是舰船安全、经济航行的基础。本文提出一种智能的最短航线构建方法。通过追踪安全等深线,获取障碍区,然后测试线段与障碍区的空间关系来智能地搜索最短路径。实验表明,与传统方法相比,新方法在效率、准确性和可靠性上都具有明显的优势。     

Estimating Pearson's Correlation Coefficient with Bootstrap Confidence Interval from Serially Dependent Time Series

Pearson's correlation coefficient, r_xy, is often used when measuring the influence of one time-dependent variable on another in bivariate climate time series. Thereby, positive serial dependence (persistence) and unknown data distributions impose a challenge for obtaining accurate confidence intervals for r_xy. This is met by the presented approach, employing the nonparametric stationary bootstrap with an average block length proportional to the maximum estimated persistence time of the data. A Monte Carlo experiment reveals that this method can produce accurate (in terms of coverage) confidence intervals (of type bias-corrected and accelerated). However, since persistence reduces the number of independent observations, substantially more data points are required for achieving an accuracy comparable to a situation without persistence. The experiment further shows that neglecting serial dependence may lead to serious coverage errors. The presented method proves robust with respect to distributional shape (lognormal/normal) and time spacing (uneven/even). The method is used to confirm that a previous finding of a correlation between solar activity and Indian Ocean monsoon strength in early Holocene is valid. A further result is that the correlation between sunspot number and cosmogenic ¹⁰Be concentration vanishes after approximately 1870.     

Discrete evaluation of Stokes’s integral by means of Voronoi and Delaunay structures

Two alternative approaches are investigated to compute the discrete Stokes integral for gravimetric geoid determination so that geographical grid subdivision and gridding is not required. The techniques are based on Voronoi and Delaunay structures, in which the target area is partitioned into polygons and triangles, respectively, and the computation is carried out by point-wise integration. In the Voronoi scheme, polygonal areas just contain the observed gravity anomalies, instead of the interpolated ones; thus no gridding process or data interpolation is necessary, and only the original data are used. In the Delaunay scheme, gridding is also not required, but observed anomalies are interpolated into triangular compartments whose vertices hold the gravity stations. Geoidal undulations are thus computed at the barycenters (centroids) of the triangles. Both schemes were applied to the local gravimetric geoid determination in two distinct areas of Brazil (municipality of Rio de Janeiro, and Resende). The gravity observations are almost uniformly distributed spatially at both sites, and their topographies are very rugged. The Stokes component was also computed by means of classical numerical integration (space-domain), and compared with the Voronoi and Delaunay schemes to give root-mean-square (RMS) differences of 0.022 and 0.024 m, respectively, at the Rio de Janeiro site. In Resende, the comparisons yielded RMS differences of 0.040 and 0.053 m. The largest difference did not exceed 0.100 m for both methods and datasets. The one-dimensional (1-D) FFT (spectral domain) technique was also used on the Rio de Janeiro dataset, which gave RMS differences of 0.031 m for the classical method, 0.039 m for the Voronoi scheme, and 0.047 m for the Delaunay scheme. Relative comparisons with 465 GPS-leveling baselines in the Rio de Janeiro site gave RMS differences of 0.069, 0.061, 0.071, and 0.071 m, for the Voronoi, Delaunay, classical, and 1-D FFT methods, respectively. Since the Voronoi and Delaunay schemes avoid the gridding step, the pre-processing time and labor are reduced. As with other methods, the dependence upon data quality and distribution is the main drawback of both schemes. Finally, the Voronoi and Delaunay schemes proved to be computationally as efficient as the 1-D FFT method for only the geoid height computation.     

Surface representations reproducing given digitized contour lines

In the practice of administrative or engineering geosciences, the problem of deriving a digital surface representation from a map displaying contour lines of the interesting quantity is quite often encountered. First, alpha-numerical data are retrieved from the map by digitizing these contour lines pointwise into polygons. However, common gridding algorithms are known to fail at adequately reproducing the input contour lines due to the inhomogeneous and anisotropic areal distribution of the sites of the data sampled from given contour lines. Therefore, we suggest a new algorithm; the basic elements of its first stage are a constrained Delaunay triangulation of the data sites honoring their natural neighborhood relationship—i.e., whether they belong to the same contour line or not, and linear interpolation according to this triangulation of the data domain. In a second stage, a Bezier-Bernstein or simplex B-spline representation is easily achieved if a C₁ or C₂ smooth representation is required. At this stage, also, discontinuities of the function or its first directional derivatives with known locations in the data domain may be represented, provided this additional information has been taken into account when the triangulation was performed. The algorithm is numerically stable and efficient, and allows external interaction by the user to introduce his/her additional knowledge of the phenomenon to be studied, which may not be explicitly inherent in the available data.     

基于光流的旋翼无人机障碍物检测方法

针对传统光流法检测障碍物准确性不高、适应性差的问题,提出了一种基于金字塔LK光流的旋翼无人机单目视觉自主障碍物检测方法。该方法通过金字塔LK光流法获取光流信息,结合光流大小和拍摄间距与物距的关系设定自适应阈值,比较光流与阈值的大小并对障碍物进行检测与判定。实验证明:该方法可以有效地检测到障碍物,能满足无人机在多种条件下的避障需求,具有较高的准确性、鲁棒性和适应性。     

波浪问题中唯一可解的高阶边界元方法

本文就波浪与结构物相互作用问题，提出了一个适用于高阶边界元应用的新的积分方程，并利用修改积分区域的方法得了适用于本积分方程的不规则频率消除方法。最后，通过数值计算对附加区域的选择、单元的离散做了研究     

Modelling of Random Waves over Submerged Breakwaters and Its Application to Reflection Estimation

1.IntroductionGreat efforts have been devoted to the protection of coastal areas over many years by erectingdikes,seawalls,groin systems,and detached breakwaters.The sea walls,jetties,detached breakwa-ters,etc.are traditionally adopted as absorbingfacilit…     

A Unique Solvable Higher Order BEM for Wave Diffraction and Radiation

- For the discretization of higher order elements, this paper presents a modified integral domain method to remove the irregular frequencies inherited in the integral equation of wave diffraction and radiation from a surface-piercing body. The set of over-determined linear equations obtained from the method is modified into a normal set of linear equations by superposing a set of linear equations with zero solutions. Numerical experiments have also been carried out to find the optimum choice of the size of the auxiliary domain and the discretization on it.     

Experimental Study on Local Scour Around A Large Circular Cylinder Under Irregular Waves

1 .IntroductionWiththedevelopmentofexploitationofmarineresources ,theconstructionofoffshorestructuresdevelopsrapidly ,suchasmarineoilplatforms ,deep waterbreakwaters ,marinebridges ,largehar bors,etc .Thesestructureswillchangesurroundingwaveandcurrentconditionsandleadtolocalscourofseabed ,resultinginstructuraldamage .Therefore ,localscouraroundmarinestructuresaswellastheirprotectionhasdrawnmuchattentionfromrelativeengineeringfields .Manyscholarshaveconduct edtheoreticalanalysisandexperimentals…