地形TIN中地理实体表达与LOD技术

现有的LOD技术确保了3维地表的实时绘制,但其不能解决以地理实体为结构进行组织、具有实体表达能力的高精度、大规模地形TIN的3维可视化实时响应问题,仍经常发生场景滞涩、跳跃等现象。为此,本文从面向对象的角度出发,对地形TIN按实体进行组织,建立了OTIN,设计出实体包围球、高程误差队列等结构,可以确保以实体为单位的大规模地形TIN的实时绘制。     

空间数据的零初始化与障碍空间下的最小生成树实现方法

介绍了障碍空间下的最小生成树实现方法。首先采用零初始化的思想,初始化"位"数据;然后在构建障碍空间下实体点的Voronoi图的基础上,通过障碍空间下的回溯算法得到实体点间的最近连通图,也即障碍空间下实体点之间的Delaunay图;最后根据连通图,采用贪婪策略来得到最小生成树。     

Experimental study of unidirectional irregular wave slamming on the three-dimensional structure in the splash zone

The experimental investigation of unidirectional random wave slamming on the three-dimensional structure in the splash zone is presented. The experiment is conducted in the marine environment channel in the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology. The test wave is unidirectional irregular wave. The experiments are carried out with perpendicular random waves (β=0°) and oblique random waves (β=15°, 30°, 45°), the significant wave heights H_1/3 ranging from 7.5 to 20 cm with 2.5 cm increment, the peak wave periods T_p ranging from 0.75 to 2.0 s with 0.25 s increment, and the clearance of the model with respect to the significant wave height s/H_1/3 ranging from 0.0 to 0.5 with 0.1 increment. The statistical analysis results of different test cases are presented. The statistical distribution characteristics of the perpendicular irregular wave impact pressures are compared with that of the oblique irregular wave on the underside of the structure. The effect of the wave direction β on the wave impact forces on the underside of the structure is determined. The relation between the impact forces and the parameters such as the significant wave height, the relative structure width and the relative clearance of the structure is also discussed.     

Design weight of armour stone considering the effect of extreme waves

In this study, waves with the heights higher than H_1/3 in an irregular wave train are called as extreme waves and defined with the help of extreme wave parameter, α_extreme. In order to see the effect of extreme waves on the design weight of armour stone, stability analysis is carried out based on the hydraulic model test results. The test results of high α_extreme cases (HE) and low α_extreme cases (LE) are compared with currently used van der Meer's formulae with permeability factor P=0.4 and 0.45 and Hudson formula by using H_1/3 and H_1/10 in terms of the design weight of armour stone. As a result of the comparison, it is found that Hudson formula by using H_1/3 underestimates the necessary armour weight. Usage of H_1/10 instead of H_1/3 in Hudson formula doubles the weight which seems overestimated when Irribaren number is away from the transition zone in which both wave run-up and run-down forces become effective. However, it seems underestimated near the transition zone where experiment case HE gives higher armour weights. When the design weight of armour stone is calculated by van der Meer's formulae with P=0.4, it may be necessary to increase the weight up to 30% in the case of high extreme waves. On the other hand, van der Meer's formulae may overestimate the weight 14% when the extreme waves are low.     

Deformation of monochromatic water wave trains propagating over a submerged obstacle in the presence of uniform currents

A nonlinear numerical model based on depth averaged equations and a relevant physical model have been investigated for the deformation of the water wave propagating over a submerged parabolic obstacle in the presence of uniform current. Physical and numerical modeling for wave with both following and opposing currents are done to explore the wave evolutions during passage over the submerged obstacle. A third-order Stokes dispersion relation is utilized in some cases in the computation. Separated flow zone is taken into consideration by two empirical equations obtained from the physical model testing done by the authors. Verification and validation of the numerical model by other published theoretical and experimental data are presented.     

Delaunay三角剖分的快速实现

主要探讨了以Delaunay三角剖分的逐点插入法为基础构建不规则三角网的方法,并在程序设计中对该算法进行了改进,极大地提高了Delaunay三角网的构建效率。     

三维随机波浪对桩柱的作用

试验研究了三维随机波浪作用于垂直圆柱上的作用力.采用二维波浪的方法计算三维波浪力,研究了各波力系数随ＫＣ数和波浪方向分布的变化规律,并对三维波力和二维波力进行了对比分析.     

The deepest Hubble Space Telescope far-ultraviolet observations in the Large Magellanic Cloud

We present a new analysis of the deepest pure-ultraviolet (UV) observations with the highest angular resolution ever performed. A set of 12 exposures with the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) WFPC2 and F160BW filter obtained in parallel observing mode, which cover ∼12 arcmin² in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), north of the bar and in the 'general field' region of the LMC, contain stars with far-UV monochromatic magnitudes as faint as 22 mag. The 198 detected UV sources represent an accumulated exposure of  ≥ 2 × 10⁴ s  and reveal stars as faint as   m _UV≃ 20 mag  . We combine these observations with deep UBVI charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging of the same region reaching as faint as   V ≃ 26 mag  , and reselect probable optical counterparts for the UV sources. After a two-stage search-and-analysis process, we detect robust counterparts for 129 stars. These are mostly upper main-sequence stars, from early B to early A spectral classes, with several F stars. We point out the lack of blue supergiants, which could have been easily detected in our survey. We measure a foreground extinction   E ( B − V ) ≃ 0.08 mag  by Galactic dust and a surface density of star formation rate twice the average Galactic value. These observations indicate that relatively recent star formation took place even off the bar of the LMC.     

Simulating the hydraulic characteristics of the lower Yellow River by the finite‐volume technique

The finite‐volume technique is used to solve the two‐dimensional shallow‐water equations on unstructured mesh consisting of quadrilateral elements. In this paper the algorithm of the finite‐volume method is discussed in detail and particular attention is paid to accurately representing the complex irregular computational domain. The lower Yellow River reach from Huayuankou to Jiahetan is a typical meandering river. The generation of the computational mesh, which is used to simulate the flood, is affected by the distribution of water works in the river channel. The spatial information about the two Yellow River levee, the protecting dykes, and those roads that are obviously higher than the ground, need to be used to generate the computational mesh. As a result these dykes and roads locate the element interfaces of the computational mesh. In the model the finite‐volume method is used to solve the shallow‐wave equations, and the Osher scheme of the empirical function is used to calculate the flux through the interface between the neighbouring elements. The finite‐volume method has the advantage of using computational domain with complex geometry, and the Osher scheme is a method based on characteristic theory and is a monotone upwind numerical scheme with high resolution. The flood event with peak discharge of 15 300 m³/s, occurring in the period from 30 July to 10 August 1982, is simulated. The estimated result indicates that the simulation method is good for routing the flood in a region with complex geometry. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The chemical evolution of gas-rich dwarf galaxies

In an effort to understand the evolution of N, O and He abundances in gas-rich dwarf galaxies, we investigate the dispersion and mixing of supernova ejecta in relation to H  ii region evolution and develop a numerical model of chemical evolution based on a double-bursting mode of star formation (with an interval of the order of 3×10⁷ yr between bursts of a pair) which has been designed to account for the existence of significant scatter in the N/O–O/H relation.
The dependence of the abundances on gas fraction is explored on the basis of this and similar models, in combination with various hypotheses concerning inflow and selective and non-selective outflow. The gas fractions are uncertain within wide limits for blue compact galaxies, but are more well defined for some dwarf irregulars. Selective winds do not give a good fit to N/O, while closed models and models with non-selective winds with or without inflow are all found to be viable.