大比例尺地形图更新问题探讨

近年来,城市发展变化非常快,地形图更新滞后于城市发展,研究城市大比例尺地形图更新问题很有必要。本文阐述了地形图更新的方法,主要有数字摄影测量更新、利用高分辨率遥感影像更新、数字化测图更新以及借助其它项目资料进行更新等方法,并探讨了城市大比例尺地形图更新周期问题。     

我国无居民海岛管理现状、问题及建议

无居民海岛是我国自然资源的重要组成部分。为加快推进生态文明建设,党和国家对我国自然资源的管理提出了新的要求。文章采用问题和目标导向的研究方法,通过对我国无居民海岛管理的历史遗留问题、管理能力、管理体系和信息化建设等方面进行分析,提出了分类处置历史遗留用岛,优化精细化分类管理体系、完善海岛管理制度体系、完善海岛数据更新体系等建议,对提升我国无居民海岛管理水平,实施海洋强国战略具有重要的意义。     

戈壁分类体系与编目研究

建立统一的戈壁分类和编目体系,是进一步深入研究戈壁的理论基础,也是合理开发利用戈壁资源的前提。到目前为止,只有少量文献或著作提到戈壁或戈壁类型,关于戈壁编目的研究更鲜有报道。为了促进戈壁研究的规范化,本文在参照现有戈壁分类基础上,结合戈壁科学考察成果,根据戈壁的形成原因、地表物质组成与植被类型,分三级建立了戈壁分类体系,并对每一级每一类的戈壁特征进行了较为详细的阐述。在戈壁分类基础上,提出戈壁编目设想,以期为进一步深入开展戈壁研究奠定基础。     

1∶1万基础地理信息数据库及时更新质量控制方法的探讨

分析了山东省1：1万基础地理信息数据库更新现状,阐述了1：1万基础地理信息数据库及时更新的作业方法、主要更新内容、技术路线,提出了及时更新质量保证体系及质量控制方法,从基础资料的获取与收集,变化要素属性信息的分析确定,矢量要素采集、更新的精度,矢量要素采集的方向,矢量要素采集、更新的完整性,矢量要素采集、更新的现势性,属性项赋值的正确、完整性,更新后要素的逻辑一致性等几个方面,阐述了生产作业中需要注意的环节,分析了产生质量问题的原因,并结合实际工作经验,提出了保障产品质量的几点建议。     

温室气体清单编制方法研究进展

温室气体清单反映了温室气体排放和吸收的状况,是制定与衡量应对气候变化政策和措施的基础。虽然联合国规定了国家清单采用生产者责任方法编制,但很多研究认为该方法存在“碳泄漏”,容易造成发达国家转移减排责任等问题,并提出了其他清单编制方法。本文对已有的温室气体清单编制方法研究进行了总结,将其归纳为3大类:生产者责任方法、消费者责任方法和生产—消费者共同责任方法,并进一步总结了3大类方法下的多种估算方法;通过图表、数据等方式分析了各类方法的原理、优点及局限性。通过已有的研究分析推断,未来一段时间内生产者责任方法仍将是推荐的国家温室气体清单编制方法。最后展望了我国国家和省级温室气体清单编制研究方向。     

国有土地地籍调查工作流程探讨

基于笔者多年地籍调查的相关工作经验,以广州市国有土地地籍调查工作流程为研究对象,对国有土地登记前的地籍调查的流程进行了分析探讨。全文是笔者长期工作实践基础上的理论升华,相信对从事相关工作的同行有着重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。     

Airborne laser scanning of forest resources: An overview of research in Italy as a commentary case study

This article reviews the recent literature concerning airborne laser scanning for forestry purposes in Italy, and presents the current methodologies used to extract forest characteristics from discrete return ALS (Airborne Laser Scanning) data. Increasing interest in ALS data is currently being shown, especially for remote sensing-based forest inventories in Italy; the driving force for this interest is the possibility of reducing costs and providing more accurate and efficient estimation of forest characteristics. This review covers a period of approximately ten years, from the first application of laser scanning for forestry purposes in 2003 to the present day, and shows that there are numerous ongoing research activities which use these technologies for the assessment of forest attributes (e.g., number of trees, mean tree height, stem volume) and ecological issues (e.g., gap identification, fuel model detection). The basic approaches – such as single tree detection and area-based modeling – have been widely examined and commented in order to explore the trend of methods in these technologies, including their applicability and performance. Finally this paper outlines and comments some of the common problems encountered in operational use of laser scanning in Italy, offering potentially useful guidelines and solutions for other countries with similar conditions, under a rather variable environmental framework comprising Alpine, temperate and Mediterranean forest ecosystems.     

MapGIS与MapStar在城市地图更新多边形拓扑重建中的应用研究

多边形拓扑重建是城市地图更新建库工作中关键性的一步,针对MapStar中拓扑重建的存在的问题,笔者采用MapGIS建拓朴,MapStar赋属性两者相结合的一种方法,能快速完成的多边形拓扑关系的重建,提高建库速度,实验证明,采用此方法,在城市地图更新建库工作过程中可提高30%-40%的工作效率。     

A GIS-based glacier inventory for the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands —A first case study on King George Island

The aim of the international project “Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS)” headed by the US Geological Survey is to establish a world wide glacier inventory based on satellite imagery. This data set will form a first digital baseline study for future glacier monitoring. The presented GIS-based glacier inventory for King George Island is a case study for the area of the Antarctic Peninsula. In the database of the glacier inventory topographic information, specific glaciological parameters as well as metadata will be included. The topographic data consists of drainage basin limits, basin areas, altitudinal ranges, perimeters and mean lengths. Glaciological data sets should comprise information on glacier retreat in different periods, glacier velocities, ice thickness and bedrock topography as well as derived parameters. Modelled and measured mass balance parameters could be included as additional data layers. In particular, these metadata records must comprise background information on data accuracy and data sources and should be compatible with a future data model for the King George Island GIS (KGIS). Three examples illustrate that the GLIMS database will not only contain information valuable for glaciological applications, but also other environmental studies on the island will benefit from this standardised remote sensing data sets. Therefore, a very close link between the data models of KGIS and GLIMS has to be established to enable these synergisms. Finally, better access to historic aerial photography would enable a continuous record of glacier retreat from the beginning of the 1950's onward.     

导航电子地图增量更新服务及关键技术研究

以移动通讯数据传输技术、网络技术和时态数据库技术为基础,构建了导航地理信息的变化发现、分析甄别、采集、加工、处理、存储和发布服务一体化的增量式更新服务模式、技术、软件、质检和标准体系,论述了多源数据融合、时空模型及空间关系的动态实时维护、多尺度增量式导航电子地图综合处理、路径规划和质检方法等关键性技术,实现了导航电子地图近实时更新服务。