瞬变电磁法的探测深度问题

用解析分析、时域有限差分、时-频分析的方法,以地面中心回线装置和阶跃脉冲激励源为例,分析讨论了瞬变电磁测深法的勘探深度问题,以便为野外勘探工作设计提供依据,达到预期的探测目的.解析计算证实了瞬变场在地下以有限速度传播,数值模拟表示出了准静态条件下瞬变场的反射.研究结果表明,由于时间域电磁场遵循因果律,瞬变电磁法的探测深度主要由观测时间决定. 瞬变电磁场的初始传播速度与大地电阻率无关,继后在大地色散作用下,阶跃脉冲前沿逐渐变得平缓,各频率分量的传播速度与电阻率有关,在低阻地层中探测同样的深度需要较长的观测时间. 最大探测深度是在给定时间内电磁波往返地下某一深度的单程距离,最小探测深度受仪器性能的限制,但是埋藏较浅的异常体也有可能在晚时段被观测到.从时-频密度谱中可得到瞬变电磁场信号时间与频率的关系.     

GPS精密单点定位中精密星历和钟差的内插算法选取

利用了IGS中心给出的精密星历,计算了几种插值以及拟合算法,分析和比较了插值与拟合的质量与运算效率,基于精密单点定位软件验证与对比了其精度。     

The Correlation Bias for Two-Dimensional Simulations by Turning Bands

The turning bands method (TBM) generates realizations of isotropic Gaussian random fields by summing contributions from line processes. We consider two-dimensional simulations and study the correlation bias attributable to the use of only a finite number L of lines. Our analytical and numerical results confirm that the maximal bias is of order 1/L, and that L = 64 lines suffice for excellent covariance reproduction. The notorious banding observed in simulations with an insufficient number of lines is a related but different phenomenon and depends strongly on the choice of the line simulation technique. Clear-cut recommendations for the number of lines necessary to avoid the effect can only be based on practical experience with the specific code at hand.     

Modeling the seismic response of basin-edge structure by a sequential waveform method

A sequential waveform method is developed to simulate the seismic response of basin-edge structure excited by a plane incident P-wave. The full procedure involves: (a) a previous parameterization of the investigated model using the seismic wave velocities and depths of the sedimentary stratifications; (b) an input motion determined from the records at stations installed on hard rock; (c) forward computation of the P-SV elastic wave field by means of a two-dimensional finite difference (FD) method; (d) the optimization of the model vector using simulated annealing technique and comparing the simulated seismic response of the tested structure with the observed wave field; (e) the correction of the initial model by trial-and-error by testing the differences between synthetics and observed data, and (f) the final solution obtained by iteration using the conjugate gradient algorithm. The search of an optimal basin-edge model has been parallel processed by varying the shapes and velocities of strata on the basis of the fitting of relative timing, amplitude and phase between the output and the observed data. The input motion and sensitivity have been checked and the validity of the method has been demonstrated by numeric analysis. Using the teleseismic records generated by 7 earthquakes recorded at 26 broadband seismic stations, we have studied the seismic velocity structure of the southern edge of the Jiyang depression located in the Bohai Bay basin, northern China. Two cross sections show an agreement between the velocity results and the geological sections available in the region. In addition, we obtain evidence of three hidden faults under the sections and features that suggest major extensions at the Paleogene.     

GPS坐标向国家坐标转换的三维分离回归法

三维分离回归法是一种简单、有效、实用的转换方法,该方法可有效地克服病态矩阵问题。同时,为切实、有效地提高三维分离回归法的转换精度,计算时引入了三向尺度因子,使得三维转换参数由传统的7个变为现在的9个。详细介绍了三维分离回归法的基本原理、转换过程及转换实例。     

General elastic analysis of piles and pile groups

This paper describes the development of a boundary element analysis for the behaviour of single piles and pile groups subjected to general three‐dimensional loading and to vertical and lateral ground movements. Each pile is discretized into a series of cylindrical elements, each of which is divided into several sub‐elements. Compatibility of vertical, lateral and rotational movements is imposed in order to obtain the necessary equations for the pile response. Via hierarchical structures, 12 non‐zero sub‐matrices in a global matrix are derived for the basic influence factors. Solutions are presented for a series of cases involving single piles and pile groups. In each case, the solutions are compared with those from more simplified existing pile analyses such as those developed by Randolph and by Poulos. It is shown that for direct loading effects (e.g. the settlement of piles due to vertical loading), the simplified analyses work well. However, for ‘off‐line’ response (such as the lateral movement due to vertical loading) the differences are greater, and it is believed that the present analysis gives more reliable estimates. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Tests for individual Sulfate－Containing Particles in Urban Atmosphere in Beijing

Thin film methods and X ray energy dispersive technique were applied to analyze sulfate-containing particles in Beijing in order to examine their features and sources. Atmospheric aerosol particles were collected on electron mi-croscope meshes according to two size ranges: coarse particles (r>0.5μm) and fine particles (0.5μm≥r≥0.1μm) by using a two-stage impactor. It was found fiat more than seventy percent of the fine particles and about twenty percent of the coarse particles were sulfate-containing particles. These particles were formed mainly through heterogeneous nucleation. The element composition analyses revealed that the atmospheric aerosol particles in Beijing were domi-nated by crustal particles and construction dust.     

三分量地震资料中各向异性检测

各向异性研究是当令地震学研究领域中重要课题之一；三分量地震资料中各向异性的检测是各向异性理论研究成果解决地球科学实际问题的重要桥梁。本文简要描述了各向异性介质中横波分裂现象，分别介绍了现有的四种主要检测技术，即偏振图法、协方差拒阵法、质，点振动分辨率法及传输矩阵法，并对这四种技术作了一定的评述。     

中国省会城市国际化水平比较研究

城市国际化不仅是一个结果更是一个与其他国际城市逐步接轨的过程,在此过程中,通过与其他城市的物质、文化与信息的交流,实现城市发展利益的最大化。在目前城市国际化比较研究的基础上,针对现有方法的不足,运用因子分析法,进行了分因素排名比较分析和综合得分排名的分类比较分析,最后根据综合得分通过类间距法将所有省会城市分为三类,并提出各类城市在不同城市国际化发展阶段应选择不同的发展策略。