地形图扫描数字化精度分析

本文分析了地形图扫描数字化的误差来源，讨论了误差控制方法及质量控制指标，探讨了成果数据相对于地形原图的位置精度，具有一定实用价值。     

A statistical approach to evaluating distance metrics and analog assignments for pollen records

The modern analog technique typically uses a distance metric to determine the dissimilarity between fossil and modern biological assemblages. Despite this quantitative approach, interpretation of distance metrics is usually qualitative and rules for selection of analogs tend to be ad hoc. We present a statistical tool, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which provides a framework for identifying analogs from distance metrics. If modern assemblages are placed into groups (e.g., biomes), this method can (1) evaluate the ability of different distance metrics to distinguish among groups, (2) objectively identify thresholds of the distance metric for determining analogs, and (3) compute a likelihood ratio and a Bayesian probability that a modern group is an analog for an unknown (fossil) assemblage. Applied to a set of 1689 modern pollen assemblages from eastern North America classified into eight biomes, ROC analysis confirmed that the squared-chord distance (SCD) outperforms most other distance metrics. The optimal threshold increased when more dissimilar biomes were compared. The probability of an analog vs no-analog result (a likelihood ratio) increased sharply when SCD decreased below the optimal threshold, indicating a nonlinear relationship between SCD and the probability of analog. Probabilities of analog computed for a postglacial pollen record at Tannersville Bog (Pennsylvania, USA) identified transitions between biomes and periods of no analog.     

CT长骨测量在骨折髓内钉固定术中的应用

目的：探讨CT在长骨测量中的应用价值.方法：经X线检查证实的肱骨、股骨、胫骨骨折患者600多例，其中302例临床行髓内钉固定术，并在术前进行了健侧骨的CT定位扫描，测量其两点之间骨干长度及骨髓腔最窄处的宽度。结果 依据术前CT定位测量数据而选择的髓内钉在手术中完全适用。结论：此方法操作简便测量数据准确为临床提供可靠依据。     

JX—3解析测图仪上航测高倍放大成图的试验

介绍试用１：３３０００比例尺航测资料，在ＪＸ－３解析测图仪上高倍放大航测１：１０００比例尺地形图的成图方案和应采取的技术措施，运用 解析法模型绝对定向的原理，在全野布点时采用两种方案对照比较，进行理论和试验精度的分析，并给出试验结果。     

佳木斯市GPS控制网的建立——索佳GSS1A型GPS接收机的应用

介绍利用日本索佳公司ＧＳＳ１Ａ型ＧＰＳ接收机在建立佳木斯市ＧＰＳ控制网中的应用。阐述了ＧＰＳ控制网的布设方案，外地施测方法和数据处理与精度分析，并扼要的总结了建网的经验与体会。     

三维重力内波和对流云街的启动机制

在一个下部为弱不稳定层、上部为稳定层的二层模式中，求解线性化的大气动力—热力学方程组，表明一个孤立山丘所引发的重力内波，在向下游传播过程中与边界层中对流相互作用，形成大气低层的涡漩活动，其图象与观测到的对流云街结构相似。     

SLJ型宽频带大动态力平衡三分向加速度计的设计与研制

文中详尽介绍了三分向力平衡加速度计的技术性能、工作原理和理论计算，给出了技术指标鉴定实测结果和获取地震记录的时程曲线。     

谈现代企业制度下的内部审计

现代企业必须建立严密的、完善的控制系统，严格的、科学的管理制度，有效的、畅通的运行机制，才能保证经营目标的实现。内部审计可以及时发现经营管理中的薄弱环节和存在的漏洞，及时、准确提醒企业决策者采取措施加以改进，有利于企业不断发展壮大。     

Accuracy analysis, dem generation and validation using russian tk-350 stereo-images

TK-350 stereo-scenes of the Zonguldak testfield in the north-west of Turkey have been analysed. The imagery had a base-to-height ratio of 0·52 and covered an area of 200 km × 300 km, with each pixel representing 10 m on the ground. Control points digitised from 1:25 000 scale topographic maps were used in the test. A bundle orientation was executed using the University of Hanover program BLUH and PCI Geomatica OrthoEngine AE software packages. Tests revealed that TK-350 stereo-images can yield 3D geopositioning to an accuracy of about 10 m in planimetry and 17 m in height. A 40 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) was generated by the PCI system and compared against a reference DEM, which was derived from digitised contour lines provided by 1:25 000 scale topographic maps. This comparison showed that accuracy depends mainly on the surface structure and the slope of the local terrain. Root mean square errors in height were found to be about 27 and 39 m outside and inside forested areas, respectively. The matched DEM demonstrated a systematic shift against the reference DEM visible as an asymmetric shift in the frequency distribution. This is perhaps caused by the presence of vegetation and buildings.