Pre-and post-outburst parameters for the components of the symbiotic star V1329 Cyg

We present new UB V observations of the symbiotic nova V 1329 Cyg. Based on all our UB V observations of a uniform system, we redetermined the orbital period of the binary and estimated the magnitudes and luminosities of its components. We show that the pre-outburst visual luminosities of the red giant and the hot star were almost equal and that the rapid irregular photographic variability of the star was caused by the nonstationary behavior of the hot component. The outburst amplitude of the hot component (subdwarf) in 1964 was found to be ～2^m in the V band, which is typical of ordinary symbiotic stars. We estimated the continuum luminosity of the gaseous component that appeared after the outburst. In the V band, it was almost 1^m fainter than the flared hot star. Structurally, the gaseous component is an ionized gaseous disk comparable in size to an M giant.     

Determination of hydraulic parameters of an unconfined alluvial aquifer by the floodwave-response technique

Groundwater constitutes a vital component of the water-resource system. Adequate knowledge of aquifer parameters is of utmost importance for proper groundwater management. In the present study, an attempt has been made to critically analyze the river–aquifer interaction and to explore the practicability and reliability of the floodwave-response technique in estimating the hydraulic parameters of the Konan aquifer, Japan. The analysis of the pertinent hydrologic and hydrogeologic data revealed a strong relationship between the Monobe River stage and the groundwater levels over a major portion of the Konan basin. Inverse modeling, using the floodwave-response model at four sites, yielded high values of hydraulic diffusivity that ranged from 16 to 194 m²/s. However, the overall average aquifer diffusivity was found to be reasonable (0.7–3.5 m²/s). All the selected flood events were not found suitable for determining reasonable values of hydraulic diffusivity at a given site. Using the optimal diffusivities at two sites and the aquifer transmissivity from the pumping tests at these sites, the storage coefficient values were estimated as those of truly confined aquifers. In contrast, reasonable values of storage coefficient were obtained based on the average aquifer diffusivity estimates. The sensitivity analysis of the floodwave-response model indicated that the optimal hydraulic diffusivity is very sensitive to the distance parameters of the model, which necessitate precise measurement of these parameters. It is concluded that a judicious application of the floodwave-response technique is essential, especially in the case of unconfined aquifers.

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Resumen El agua subterránea constituye un componente vital de los sistemas de recursos hídricos. El conocimiento adecuado de los parámetros del acuífero es de suma importancia para el manejo apropiado del agua subterránea. En el presente estudio se ha realizado un intento para analizar críticamente la interacción río-acuífero y explorar la confiabilidad y utilidad de la técnica de respuesta de onda de crecida para estimar los parámetros hidráulicos del acuífero Konan, Japón. El análisis de datos hidrológicos e hidrogeológicos pertinentes muestra una relación fuerte entre el nivel del Río Monobe y los niveles de agua subterránea en gran parte de la cuenca Konan. El modelizado de inversión utilizando el modelo de respuesta de onda de crecida en cuatro sitios generó valores altos de difusividad hidráulica que varían de 16 a 194 m²/s. Sin embargo, se encontró que la difusividad promedio global del acuífero tenía valores razonables (0.7 a 3.5 m²/s). Todos los eventos de crecida seleccionados no fueron encontrados satisfactorios para determinar valores razonables de difusividad hidráulica en un sitio determinado. Utilizando las difusividades óptimas en dos sitios y la transmisividad del acuífero proveniente de pruebas de bombeo en esos sitios se estimaron valores del coeficiente de almacenamiento como los que se obtendrían para acuíferos completamente confinados. En contraste, se obtuvieron valores razonables del coeficiente de almacenamiento basados en los cálculos de difusividades promedio del acuífero. Los análisis de sensitividad del modelo de respuesta de onda de crecida indicaron que la difusividad óptima hidráulica es muy sensitiva a los parámetros de distancia del modelo por lo que se necesitan mediciones precisas de esos parámetros. Se concluye que es esencial una aplicación sensata de la técnica de respuesta de onda de crecida, especialmente en el caso de acuíferos no confinados.

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Resumé Leau souterraine constitue une composante vitale des systèmes de ressource en eau. Une connaissance adéquate des paramètres des aquifères est importante pour une gestion correcte de ces systèmes. Dans cette étude, la démarche consiste à analyser linteraction rivière–aquifère de manière critique et dexplorer la technique permettant destimer les paramètres hydrauliques de laquifère Konan, Japon. Lanalyse pertinente des données hydrologiques et hydrogéologiques révèle une relation forte entre le niveau de la rivière Monobe et les niveaux piézométriques sur une grande partie du bassin de Konan. La modélisation inverse utilisant le modèle de réponse aux vagues de crue sur quatre sites fournit des valeurs de diffusivité comprises entre 16 et 194 m²/s. Néanmoins la valeur moyenne de diffusivité est apparue raisonnable (entre 0.7 et 3.5 m²/s). Tous les évènements de crue nont pas été retenus comme permettant de calculer avec une bonne fiabilité la diffusivité sur un site donné. En utilisant les données optimales de diffusivité provenant de deux sites, et la transmissivité fournie par les essais de pompage, le coefficient demmagasinement a été déterminé et correspond bien à un aquifère confiné. Par contraste, des valeurs raisonnables de coefficient demmagasinement ont été déterminées par estimation de la diffusivité moyenne de laquifère. Lanalyse de sensibilité du modèle de réponse aux vagues de crue indique que la diffusivité hydraulique optimale est très sensible à la distance utilisée dans le modèle, qui nécessite dés lors une mesure précise. En conclusion il est essentiel que ce type dapplication doit tre judicieusement mis en oeuvre, et spécialement dans le cadre daquifères captifs.

     

三峡库区云阳塞坝"平台式"斜坡变形机理分析

以三峡库区云阳塞坝滑坡为例,分析了层状砂泥岩区缓坡平台上崩滑堆积物中因开挖引起变形的机理。研究表明,崩滑堆积物呈蜂窝状分布的富水含水层,因远距离开挖失水而导致的不均匀变形,是地面出现拉裂的主要原因;平台中的公路开挖所诱发的边坡回弹变形仅限于局部范围。这两类变形的发生在时间上或相应的施工期间可能表现为表观的“同步”现象,但不均匀变形随着含水层排水的完成而结束,而开挖所诱发的回弹变形,则可以随着外界条件的变化而不断发展。直至发生滑坡。在空间上,两类变形具有不同的特征,其中,不均匀固结变形的发生以不规则的孤立含水层为中心向外发展,而回弹变形则局限于临空面附近,远离临空面时变形量和变形速率迅速减小。在富含地下水的松散堆积物中进行工程施工时,区分两类变形机理和效应,对于减少滑坡误判,正确进行工程设计,减少工程造价具有重要意义。     

南黄海地区中强地震的发震背景

依据《地震分析预报方法指南》,利用MAPSIS软件,对南黄海地区发生中强地震前的地震活动及相关地震学参数进行了分析研究,概述了该地区中强震前的发震背景。     

An experimental study on semi-brittle and plastic rheology of Panzhihua gabbro

Rheological properties of the crust and upper mantle are essential data that are needed in modelling the mechanical behaviour of the shallow part of the earth. The importance of such data has been seen in discussions about the strength profile of continen…     

附加系统参数的平差模型研究

考虑到系统误差源的复杂性，文中提出了一种附加系统参数的混合平差模型，导出了平差公式和假设检验统计量。附加系统参数的混合平差模型中，同时含有非随机系统参数和具有验前统计性质的随机系统参数。该平差模型是对附加系统参数的平差模型的扩展。     

祁连山中东段地区三维速度结构研究

应用中——法数字化地震台网自1996年以来所记录到的微震S-P资料，对祁连山中东段地区三维速度结构与震源参数进行了联合反演，获得了该区的三维速度成像．速度结果反映出深部构造的一些重要信息，为进一步研究该区的活动构造及地震参数计算，提供了科学依据．      

基于遗传算法的煤层注水渗透特征参数反演

煤层注水是防治矿井冲击地压灾害发生的最有效的方法。确定煤层渗透特征参数，是合理确定注水工艺参数、有效控制防灾效果的关键，有很强的现实意义。遗传算法是全局收敛的方法，用该算法对煤体导水、贮水等渗透特征参数反演，方法稳定可靠。以观测水分增值与计算结果的相对偏差作为最优搜索目标函数，建立GA反演适应度函数及迭代收敛准则；GA操作采用无条件保护最优个体、种群个体无死亡及每个体只有1次参与交换机会等规则。提出通过对已知参数正向问题结果(水分增值)的反演计算，验证遗传算法精度。算例结果表明，繁衍迭代至第41代时，反演参数结果与理论参数几乎完全拟合。达到最优解，精度符合工程要求。     

Including prior information in the estimation of effective soil parameters in unsaturated zone modelling

In this paper we propose a methodology to include prior information in the estimation of effective soil parameters for modelling the soil moisture content in the unsaturated zone. Laboratory measurements on undisturbed soil cores were used to estimate the moisture retention curve and hydraulic conductivity curve parameters. The soil moisture content was measured at 25 locations along three transects and at three different depths (surface, 30 and 60 cm) on an 80×20 m hillslope for the year 2001. Soil cores were collected in 84 locations situated in three profile pits along the hillslope. For the estimation of the effective soil hydraulic parameters the joint probability distribution of measured parameter values was used as prior information. A two-horizon single column 1D MIKE SHE model based on Richards' equation was set-up for nine soil moisture measurement locations along the middle transect of the hillslope. The goal of the model is to simulate the soil moisture profile at each location. The shuffled complex evolution (SCE) algorithm has been applied to estimate effective model parameters using either wide parameter ranges, referred to as the ‘no-prior’ case, or the joint probability distribution of measured parameter values as prior information (‘prior’ case). When the prior information is incorporated in the SCE optimisation the goodness-of-fit of the model predictions is only slightly worse compared to when no-prior information is incorporated. However, the effective parameter estimates are more realistic when the prior information is incorporated. For both the no-prior and prior case the generalised likelihood uncertainty estimation procedure (GLUE) was subsequently used to estimate the uncertainty bounds (UB) on the model predictions. When incorporating the prior information more parameter sets were accepted for the estimation of the predictive uncertainty and the parameter values were more realistic. Moreover, UB better enclosed the observations. Thus, incorporating prior information in GLUE reduces the amount of model evaluations needed to obtain sufficient behavioural parameter sets. The results indicate the importance of prior information in the SCE and GLUE parameter estimation strategies.     

Identification of base‐excited structures using output‐only parameter estimation

This paper presents a new identification technique for the extraction of modal parameters of structural systems subjected to base excitation. The technique uses output‐only measurements of the structural response. A combined subspace‐maximum likelihood algorithm is developed and applied to a three‐degree‐of‐freedom simulation model. Five ensembles of synthetically generated input signals, representing varying input characteristics, are employed in Monte Carlo simulations to illustrate the applicability of the method. The technique is able to circumvent some of the difficulties arising from short data sets by employing the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm to refine the subspace state estimates. This approach is motivated by successful application by previous authors on speech signals. Results indicate that, for certain system characteristics, more accurate pole estimates can be identified using the combined subspace‐EM formulation. In general, the damping ratios of the system are difficult to identify accurately due to limitations on data set length. The applicability of the technique to structural vibration signals is illustrated through the identification of seismic response data from the Vincent Thomas Bridge. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.