Speckle observations with PISCO in Merate (Italy): XIV. Astrometric measurements of visual binaries in 2013 and new orbits for ADS 1097, 5871, 7203, 7775, 9378, 9578, and 11186

We present relative astrometric measurements of visual binaries made in 2013 with the speckle camera PISCO at the 102‐cm Zeiss telescope of Brera Astronomical Observatory, in Merate. Our observing list contains orbital couples as well as binaries whose motion is still uncertain. We obtained 134 new measurements of 129 visual binary stars, with angular separations in the range 0.≈23–5 and an average accuracy of 0.≈01. The mean error on the position angles is 0.°5. Most of the position angles were determined without the usual 180° ambiguity with the application of triple‐correlation techniques and/or by inspection of the long integration files. We also present new revised orbits for ADS 1097, 5871, 7203, 7775, 9378, 9578, and 11186, partly derived from PISCO observations. The corresponding estimated values for the masses of those systems are compatible with the spectral types. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

面向多基线干涉SAR高程反演的全局最优相干方法

本文针对多基线极化干涉SAR数据,提出了面向多基线干涉SAR高程反演的全局最优相干方法。该方法将多景全极化干涉影像联合在一起,构建多基线极化相干矩阵,由多基线最优相干准则指导,求解全局条件下的最优干涉图。该方法可以有效降低多基线干涉中散射中心不一致对干涉相位影响,从而提高干涉相位的精度和可靠性,并提高最终获取DEM的精度。利用国产X-SAR系统和德国E-SAR系统获取的多基线全极化数据进行全局最优相干方法试验,利用多基线极化最优相干方法生成全局条件下的最优干涉图,依据多基线高程反演方法计算目标高程,验证了本文提出的方法的有效性。     

自适应精致极化Lee滤波的复相干性估计方法

干涉相干性包含了极化SAR干涉测量(PolInSAR)中的极化和干涉信息,滑动窗口大小和滤波方法是准确估计干涉相干性的前提。本文以精致极化Lee滤波为基础,根据边缘检测和邻域相干性高低区分同质区域和异质区域,建立了自适应精致极化Lee滤波方法并估计相干性矩阵和干涉相干性。自适应精致极化Lee滤波能够根据边缘检测信息和邻域相干性高低程度调整滑动窗口大小并选择合适的估计方法,不仅提高了抑制斑点噪声的能力,而且保持了图像的边缘信息,有利于提高干涉相干性的估计精度。试验结果表明,该方法有效抑制了斑点噪声,较好地保持了SAR图像的边缘信息,有利于提高植被参数反演的精度。     

IBIS-L系统及其在大坝变形监测中的应用

主要介绍了地基合成孔径雷达,阐述了干涉测量成像系统IBIS-L的结构和基本原理,将IBIS-L系统应用于国内外几个大坝的变形计算与分析,获得了较为准确的大坝位移量,认为IBIS-L系统可以应用于大坝的变形监测,同时认为大坝变形监测时受大气的影响较大,如何有效地进行大气影响改正和提高IBIS-L技术的变形监测精度是值得深入研究的课题。     

Vertical coherency function model of spatial ground motion

Many studies have focused on horizontal ground motion, resulting in many coherency functions for horizontal ground motion while neglecting related problems arising from vertical ground motion. However, seismic events have demonstrated that the vertical components of ground motion sometimes govern the ultimate failure of structures. In this paper, a vertical coherency function model of spatial ground motion is proposed based on the Hao model and SMART 1 array records, and the validity of the model is demonstrated. The vertical coherency function model of spatial ground motion is also compared with the horizontal coherency function model, indicating that neither model exhibits isotropic characteristics. The value of the vertical coherency function has little correlation with that of the horizontal coherency function. However, the coherence of the vertical ground motion between a pair of stations decreases with their projection distance and the frequency of the ground motion. When the projection distance in the wave direction is greater than 800 meters, the coherency between the two points can be neglected.     

Micro-arcsecond Celestial Reference Frames: definition and realization - Impact of the recent IAU Resolutions

The adoption of the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS),based on Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations of extragalactic radiosources by the International Astronomical Union ...     

BIOGEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

In the February 1977 issue of THE PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER Leonard Guelke proposed a new approach to regional geography. This article questions the logic of Guelke's “idealist alternative'’and its applicability to geographical problems.     

基于D-InSAR技术的伊朗巴姆地震地表形变监测

以伊朗巴姆地区为例,对伊朗巴姆地震造成的地表形变进行了差分干涉测量,得到了垂直向的同震三维形变场,并运用GIS三维分析技术对形变场进行了分析。实验结果表明,地震在巴姆城市的东侧造成了较大形变,在西侧也产生了微量形变。巴姆城市北部地块沉降,南部地块隆起。同时在巴姆城市南部可明显看到地震造成的断层。实验结果验证了基于C波段的SAR数据的D-InSAR技术在干燥地区监测地表形变方面的可行性。本文对产生去相关效应的原因进行了解释,认为对于干燥少植被的地区干涉效果较好。并指出,如果能够通过技术进步提高雷达干涉测量的精度并降低观测成本,同时将该技术与GPS、GIS等技术相结合,从而更好地研究形变机理,这将对地质灾害的研究产生重大意义。     

Characterization of humic substances by advanced solid state NMR spectroscopy: Demonstration of a systematic approach

Characterization of humic substances is challenging due to their structural complexity and heterogeneity. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is regarded as one of the best tools for elucidating structures of humic substances. The primary solid state NMR technique that has been used so far is the routine ¹³C cross polarization-magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) technique. Although this technique has markedly advanced our understanding of humic substances, the full potential of NMR for characterizing humic substances has yet to be realized. Recent technical developments and applications of advanced solid state NMR have revealed the promise to provide deeper insights into structures of humic substances. In this paper, we summarized and demonstrated the systematic solid state NMR protocol for characterization of humic substances using a humic acid as an example. This protocol included (1) identification of specific functional groups using spectral editing techniques, occasionally assisted by ¹H¹³C two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation (2D HETCOR) NMR, (2) quantification of specific functional groups based on direct polarization-magic angle spinning (DP-MAS) and DP-MAS with recoupled dipolar dephasing, combined with spectral editing techniques, (3) determination of connectivities and proximities of specific functional groups by ¹H¹³C 2D HETCOR or 2D HETCOR combined with spectral editing techniques, and (4) examination of domains and heterogeneities by ¹H¹³C 2D HETCOR with ¹H spin diffusion. We used a soil humic acid as an example to demonstrate how this protocol was applied to the characterization of humic substances step by step. Afterwards, based on typical ¹³C NMR spectra of humic substances we described how we could combine different NMR techniques to identify specific functional groups band by band from downfield to upfield. Finally, we briefly mentioned the potential new NMR techniques that could be developed to enrich the current systematic protocol. This systematic protocol is not only applicable to humic substances but also to other natural organic matter samples.     

被动源地震干涉成像技术在煤田采空区探测中的应用研究

地震干涉方法能够从背景或环境噪声中提取有效信息并应用于地下地质构造成像。通过对煤田采空区产生的被动源地震信号进行干涉成像可以定位出采空区的范围。笔者等基于被动源干涉成像原理,采用被动源地震干涉方法进行震源定位研究。通过对不同界面数值模型进行被动源干涉成像测试,验证了方法的准确性,而且测试结果表明被动源干涉成像横向分辨率高于纵向分辨率,不同的偏移速度对纵向位置影响较大,但对横向位置定位几乎没有影响。最后将其应用于实际煤田的采空区定位,成像结果与实际情况相符,验证了笔者等提出的被动源地震干涉成像方法的有效性以及在实际煤田采空区探测应用中实用性。