智能机器人及其发展

智能机器人是一个国家高科技发展水平的重要标志之一，具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了机器人的定义和发展阶段，阐述了智能机器人研究领域的关键技术，总结了国内外各类机器人的发展现状并给出相应实例，最后分析并展望了智能机器人今后的发展和研究趋势。     

Application of RAPD technology for identification in three different stocks of Penaeus chinensis

INTRODUCTIONPenaeuschinensishasbecomeoneoftheprimaryspeciesforaquacultureinChina .How ever ,viralandbacterialdiseaseproblemshaveplaguedtheshrimpaquacultureindustryserious lyinChinasince 1 993.Ithasbeenindicatedthatthereducedgrowthperformanceandthein creasedsusceptibilitytodiseasescouldbearesultoflowlevelsofgeneticvariablities (Carretal .,1 994 ) .InordertosupporttheaquacultureindustryoftheUnitedStates,theUSMarineShrimpFarmaringProgramConsortiumhasdevelopedvariousdisease free populati…     

福建东山岛景观空间格局分析

本文以福建东山岛的地形图、土地利用现状图和TM影像图为数据源,应用GIS监督分类及目视判读的方法,提取景观生态因子信息,对 1996年和 2002年两个时段景观生态类型进行了分析.结果表明随着社会的发展,景观类型破碎化程度加大,农田、园地、人工建筑逐渐增加,存在着一些潜在的生态问题.在此基础上提出了东山海岛县景观生态格局调整的对策,为该区维持生态平衡,保护生物多样性,提高环境质量及实现可持续发展提供了科学依据.     

Environmental controls on food web regimes: A fluvial perspective

Because food web regimes control the biomass of primary producers (e.g., plants or algae), intermediate consumers (e.g., invertebrates), and large top predators (tuna, killer whales), they are of societal as well as academic interest. Some controls over food web regimes may be internal, but many are mediated by conditions or fluxes over large spatial scales. To understand locally observed changes in food webs, we must learn more about how environmental gradients and boundaries affect the fluxes of energy, materials, or organisms through landscapes or seascapes that influence local species interactions. Marine biologists and oceanographers have overcome formidable challenges of fieldwork on the high seas to make remarkable progress towards this goal. In river drainage networks, we have opportunities to address similar questions at smaller spatial scales, in ecosystems with clear physical structure and organization. Despite these advantages, we still have much to learn about linkages between fluxes from watershed landscapes and local food webs in river networks. Longitudinal (downstream) gradients in productivity, disturbance regimes, and habitat structure exert strong effects on the organisms and energy sources of river food webs, but their effects on species interactions are just beginning to be explored. In fluid ecosystems with less obvious physical structure, like the open ocean, discerning features that control the movement of organisms and affect food web dynamics is even more challenging. In both habitats, new sensing, tracing and mapping technologies have revealed how landscape or seascape features (e.g., watershed divides, ocean fronts or circulation cells) channel, contain or concentrate organisms, energy and materials. Field experiments and direct in situ observations of basic natural history, however, remain as vital as ever in interpreting the responses of biota to these features. We need field data that quantify the many spatial and temporal scales of functional relationships that link environments, fluxes and food web interactions to understand how they will respond to intensifying anthropogenic forcing over the coming decades.     

CTD测量技术的现状与发展

CTD测量技术是海洋研究开发的关键技术之一。本文简述了CTD测量技术基本原理，介绍了国内外CTD技术的现状和动向，同时还探讨了CTD技术的发展趋势和关注的几点看法。     

基于Web Service的系统集成技术在海洋监测系统中的应用

基于Web Service的系统集成技术是一项新的面向服务的应用集成技术，文章在介绍、分析其特点与优势的同时，提出了在海洋监测系统中应用的必要性。     

海洋中液-固界面作用的分形研究 Ⅱ.混合交换剂表面分维的加和性规律和非加和性规律研究

用SAXS方法验证了海洋化学液-固界面研究中一些混合交换剂体系的分维分别具有加和性和非加性规律。实验测得:针铁矿/蒙脱石、水锰矿/无定形氧化铁、δ-MnO_2/针铁矿、δ-MnO_2/无定形氧化铁等混合交换剂体系的表面分维对混合百分率具有线性加和性;而高岭石/无定形氧化铁、无定形氧化铁/蒙脱石、δ-MnO_2/蒙脱石、δ-MnO_2/氧化铁凝胶等混和交换剂具有非线性加和性。上述诸体系在海水介质中平衡一年后,SAXS测定的表面分维皆具有非线性加和性,或非线的程度有所增加。     

海水硅酸盐现场自动监测技术化学工艺优化研究

阐述了硅酸盐测量时试剂的不稳定性，介绍了还原剂配出时间与吸光值之间的关系、化学反应时间的确定及温度对化学反应的影响和盐度效应问题，给出了硅酸盐现场自动化学分析工艺优化流程图。     

GPS技术在杭州湾跨海大桥首级控制网测量中的应用

应用GPS技术对杭州湾跨海大桥进行首级控制网测量,结果表明:(1)合理布设GPS控制网,并采用设置深桩固埋测量标志、增加有效观测时间、加强数据可靠性与精确性的检验、选择科学及合理的坐标系统等方法,可提高观测数据的质量和精度。同时,对观测数据采用Bernese高精度基线处理软件和精密星历进行基线解算、网平差和坐标转换,保证了杭州湾跨海大桥首级控制网的精度在厘米级之内,使成果的质量达到优良。(2)Bernese基线数据的闭合环及复测基线的检核表明:同步环、异步环闭合差量值及复测基线互差量值全部符合限差要求,且在允许值的1/3以内的基线环数分别占93.3%、77.7%和100%,其成果精度达到优良。(3)GPS控制网的控制点点位的中误差全部满足±20mm的技术设计要求,并且有96.6%的控制点点位中误差在限差的1/3范围以内,精度较高。使用精密星历和广播星历两种不同的数据处理方法进行数据处理,其坐标互差吻合得较好,全部互差值均在限差允许值的1/2范围以内,且使用精密星历计算的成果精度明显高于使用广播星历计算的成果精度。