大气角动量变化以及对地球自转季节变化的激发

利用日本气象局AMIPⅡ大气数值模式的输出结果，基于BP方法和SP方法计算了1979年至1996年大气角动量变化以及对地球自转季节变化激发的差异。利用最小二乘谐波拟合方法和气候平均图方法，分析了大气角动量的季节变化，并与同时期采用NCEP再分析资料和JMA客观分析资料计算的大气角动量进行比较。     

Scintillometer Intercomparison Study—Continued

An earlier study by one of the authors reported significant differences of up to 21% in linear regression slopes between six Kipp & Zonen large-aperture scintillometers. In this note, the consistency of this increasingly popular instrument for measuring sensible heat fluxes at the km scale was quantified by comparing measurements from four Scintec boundary-layer scintillometers and one large-aperture scintillometer over nearly identical transects. The Kipp & Zonen instrument’s sensible heat fluxes were more than 20% larger than those from the Scintec instruments, while the difference in regression slopes amongst the Scintec instruments was 3% or less.     

Evaluation of Modeled Spatially and Temporarily Highly Resolved Emission Inventories of Photosmog Precursors for the City of Augsburg: The Experiment EVA and Its Major Results

Emission inventories of NO_x, CO, and individual volatile organic compounds (VOC), highly resolved in space and time, belong to the most important input parameters for chemistry and transport models (CTM) used for ozone prediction. Because of the decisive influence of the input quality on the outcome of CTM simulations, the quality of emission inventories has to be assessed. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the highly resolved emission inventories for the city of Augsburg. The emissions of the city, determined in March and October 1998 using mass balance and tracer techniques, and derived from the measured receptor concentration ratios, were compared with emissions modeled from an emission inventory. The modeled CO emissions were in agreement with the measured ones within the combined experimental and model uncertainties. More detailed CO emission model simulations suggest that the tendency of calculated CO emissions being smaller than the measured ones may be due to higher traffic activity in Augsburg. Modeled NO_x emissions were in agreement with the measured ones within the combined experimental and model uncertainties. Large deviations between modeled and measured values have been found for some individual NMHC compounds. The measured NMHC emission fingerprints were dominated by mobile sources. Substantial model predicted NMHC emissions from the solvent use could not be detected by measurements suggesting that they may not be correctly represented by the emission model.     

Atmospheric and Coupled Model Intercomparison in Terms of Amplitude—Phase Characteristics of Surface Air Temperature Annual Cycle

1. Introduction In spite of the progress achieved in global climatemodelling during the last few decades, the models stillshow considerable errors even for the surface air tem-perature ?eld (Covey et al., 2000; IPCC, 2001; Lam-bert and Boer, 2001). As i…     

Intercomparison of remote measurements of stratospheric NO and NO2

During the 1982 and 1983 Balloon Intercomparison Campaigns, the vertical profile of stratospheric NO₂ was measured remotely by nine instruments and that of NO by two. Total overhead columns were measured by two more instruments. Between 30 and 35km, where measurements overlapped, agreement between NO profiles was within ±30%, which is better than the accuracies claimed by the experimenters. Between 35 and 40km there was similarly good agreement between NO₂ profiles, but below 30km, differences of greater than a factor three were found. In the second Campaign, NO₂ values from most instruments agreed within their quoted errors, except that the Oxford radiometer gave much lower values; but the first Campaign and the column measurements show a more uniform spread of results.These differences below 30km could not be resolved, but new laboratory measurements are planned which should do so.     

The Balloon Intercomparison Campaigns an introduction and overview

The Balloon Intercomparison Campaigns of 1982 and 1983 compared balloon-borne sensors of HCl, HNO3, NO2, NO and O3, and measured many other stratospheric constituents. Most sensors were remote rather than in-situ. In the 1982 campaign, three large gondolas were successfully launched from Palestine, Texas on the same day; in the 1983 campaign, four gondolas were launched within 3 days. Accompanying papers describe the results of these successful intercomparisons.     

NCEP再分析资料和中国站点观测资料的分析与比较

美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)和国家大气中心(NCAR)的全球再分析资料,在很多气候模拟和预测研究中都被作为区域气候模式的驱动场和初始场资料,并用来检验模拟结果的.作者通过对NCEP的2种再分析资料NCEPI和NCEPⅡ与中国台站观测资料的月平均温度和月降水总量进行相互插值,分析和比较了NCEPⅠ、NCEPⅡ再分析值与中国区域内观测值之间的差异以及2种再分析资料之间的差异.从结果可以看到,NCEP再分析资料的月平均温度较观测值普遍偏低,而月降水总量较观测值则偏高;就季节变化而言,NCEP再分析值在夏季和年平均模拟的较好,冬季较差.同时可以看到,在温度和降水方面NCEPⅡ较NCEPⅠ都有所改进,尤其在中国东部地区,改进较为明显.