“3S”技术在土地利用数据更新及建库中的应用

随着“3S”技术的成熟,“3S”技术已经在各个行业、各个领域得到了广泛的应用.本文简要介绍了“3S”技术在我国的发展现状及我国土地利用数据库的建设概况,并阐述了“3S”技术在土地利用数据库更新及建库中的应用,同时,展望了“3S”技术综合运用在国土资源管理中的前景.     

GIS支持下的土壤重金属污染预测预警研究

面对日益严重的土壤重金属污染问题,必须采用快速高效的方法对污染趋势做出预测预警。本研究建立了土壤重金属污染预警模型和土壤重金属污染超标年限预测模型,并在GIS技术支持下,开发了基于ArcView GIS的预警预测程序模块,实现了对土壤重金属污染的预警预测。最后以北京市及其近郊区为实例,对该区重金属污染进行了预警并对Pb元素超标年限进行了预测,取得了较好的预警预测结果。     

煤层气地质工程一体化平台的建设构想

钻井液流变性是钻井液流动和变形的特性,对于携带与悬浮岩屑、提高钻进速度至关重要,准确掌握钻井液流变参数是保证井眼清洁与高效钻进的前提。提出一种基于卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)的钻井液流变参数智能识别方法,通过磁力搅拌产生稳定的钻井液流动图像,利用多种数据增强方法增加图像数量并建立数据库,增强模型的鲁棒性和泛化能力。优化AlexNet卷积神经网络算法,构建钻井液流变参数识别模型。将数据库划分为训练集：验证集：测试集=7：2：1,对训练集进行迭代训练并通过验证集调整参数获得最佳拟合模型。此外,运用混淆矩阵、卷积核可视化技术和类激活技术(Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping,Grad-CAM)对模型进行多方位评估。结果表明：(1)钻井液流变参数识别模型对钻井液塑性黏度测试的宏精确率为95.2%,宏召回率为94.7%,宏F₁值为0.95。(2)对钻井液表观黏度测试的宏精确率为91.6%,宏召回率为91.5%,宏F₁值为0.90。(3)利用卷积核可视化技术和Grad-CAM对特征提取进行可视化处理,发现钻井液波纹形状和大小会影响模型流变参数识别准确度。(4)室内测试结果表明,该模型的测试误差为±2 mPa·s,在设计允许范围以内,具有较高的识别精确度和稳定性。所提出的钻井液流变参数实时智能识别方法可为安全、快速和准确地进行钻井液流变性测试提供智能化技术思路。

     

基于GIS研究南黄海活动断层与地震的关系

基于GIS缓冲区分析和叠加分析的空间分析方法,定量研究南黄海活动断层与地震的关系.通过对震中与10 km和20 km断层缓冲区的叠加分析得出断层缓冲区内地震的数量,从中看出:走向NE～NEE向断裂是控制地震发生的主要活动断裂;通过对断层和震中缓冲区的叠加分析得出对地震发生有影响的断层的数量.     

Modelling the impact of a hypothetical sub-Plinian eruption at La Soufrière of Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles)

This paper describes the development and application of an impact model for a future hypothetical sub-Plinian eruption of La Soufrière of Guadeloupe. The model was designed to assess the impact from either a single or multiple eruption scenarios, each defined in terms of a map of the intensity of three volcanic hazards; volcanogenic earthquake, tephra fallout and pyroclastic density currents. The impact from the three hazards can be assessed independently or alternatively the joint impact of the three hazards can be assessed. The outputs that are produced from the model are; the number of buildings with collapsed roofs, and the number of fatal and non-fatal casualties.     

利用互连网发布海量地震应急信息方案

通过比较几种Internet GIS不同开发方案,详细探讨了ArcIMS地图服务软件平台的特点和功能。在Internet上开发高效的海量地理信息数据发布系统时候,涉及到超大容量的影像/图像数据,提出了解决这个问题的方案,并以构建地震应急指挥系统中的信息发布子系统为例,介绍了使用ArcIMS进行海量信息发布的实现方案。     

A GIS-based multi-proxy analysis of the evolution of subglacial dynamics of the Quebec–Labrador ice dome,northeastern Quebec,Canada

The glacial records of the inner-core regions of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) document complex yet coherent patterns reflecting ice-sheet change (e.g. ice-divide migration), providing unique insights into past glacial conditions. This study develops a conceptual model of subglacial dynamics evolution within a major ice-dispersal centre of the LIS in northeastern Quebec, Canada using a GIS-based analysis of the surficial geologic record. Multiple proxies of subglacial conditions (subglacial streamlined landforms, lake density and lake area over thin drift/bedrock) were analysed through grid-overlay techniques and then classified based on different proxy variables ranging from highly mobile warm-based to immobile cold-based conditions. An additional proxy (till blanket) was used to identify areas of thick till deposition, but with few proxies (few lake or landform metrics). Based on local ice-flow reconstructions, the most ‘relict’ glacial terrain zone (GTZ1) has warm-based conditions over 66% of its area and is remarkably well preserved, suggesting laterally extensive warm-based conditions during the oldest identified ice-flow phase. This relict glacial terrain is partially overprinted by two subsequent ice-flow phases in spatially restricted zones in the northeast (73% warm-based), east-central (41% warm-based), and northwest (33% warm-based) of the study area. A zone of more sluggish conditions (only 3% warm-based) was identified in the highlands at the centre of the study area, characterized by thin till cover, few landforms, yet with large patches of relatively abundant small lakes, indicative of areal scouring. No clear evidence of sustained cold-based conditions (i.e. high chemical index of alteration values or high ¹⁰Be abundances) was found in the study area. These results suggest that warm-based conditions (active erosion and/or deposition) were uniformly widespread during the earliest ice-flow phase, later becoming more spatially restricted with broader sluggish ice conditions. These spatially restricted regions of warm-based subglacial regimes were likely controlled by surrounding and down-flow ice streaming. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

营口市防震减灾信息管理系统建设

本文介绍了营口市防震减灾信息管理系统的开发过程。从系统的实用性、规范性和综合应用性三方面出发,以地理信息系统、软件开发、数据库等技术为基础,建立了一套完整的营口市防震减灾信息管理系统。该系统的完成,将为营口市的震前防御、震时紧急和震后救灾提供了辅助决策信息。     

城市地震应急对策支持系统研究

从地震灾害学理论和地震应急工作需求出发,讨论了应急工作的内容和层次,提出了应急目标和应急资源的定义;并对城市地震应急对策支持系统的总体设计、功能模块、数据库、模型库以及系统的实现方法等方面进行了探讨。