Rangeland privatization and its impacts on the Zoige wetlands on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

The high Zoige Basin （Ruoergai Plateau） on the eastern Tibetan Plateau is a fault depression formed during intensive uplifting of the Tibetan Plateau. The wetland is globally important in biodiversity and is composed of marshes, bogs, fens, wet meadows and shallow water interspersed with low hills and sub-alpine meadows. Most of the Zoige wetlands have long been one of the most important grazing lands in China. Recent rangeland policy has allowed grazing, and usable wetland areas have been being legally allocated to individuals or groups of households on a long-term lease basis. Privatizafion of the wetland has impacted the Zoige wetlands in aspects of hydrologic condition, landscape and biodiversity. The uneven spatial distribution of water resources onprivatelands has led to the practice of extracting ground water, which has decreased the perched water table in Zoige. Fencing off the rangelands and grazing on expanding sand dunes have affected landscapes. Variation in the water table has led to the changes in vegetation diversity, resulting in the changes in wildlife and aquatic diversities and ecosystem processes. Making use all year round of the pasture that was previously grazed only in summer has shrunk the daily activity space of wildlife, and the newly erected fences blocked the movement of wild animals looking for food in the snow to lower and open areas. To maintain the favorable conditions of the Zoige wetland ecosystem, the author suggests that, in addition to biophysical research and implementation of conservation practices, there is an immediate need to initiate an integrated management program, increase public awareness of wetland functions and provide better training for the local conservation staff.     

GALILEO与GPS间比较分析及其在测绘中的应用前景

对GALILEO和GPS各组成部分进行比较,分析导航信号频率设计和完好性信号服务两大关键技术,并展望GALILEO在测绘中的应用前景.     

GPS系统下RAIM算法可用性及结果分析

介绍了接收机自主完整性监测(RAIM)算法的故障检测及其可用性原理,结合航空用户对完好性需求,通过仿真计算,得到了GPS系统下不同截止高度角条件下、不同飞行阶段的RAIM算法的可用性结果,并且给出了中国区域内5°×5°格网点的RAIM最大和平均中断时间,分析了截止高度角、可视卫星个数和DOP值等因素对RAIM算法可用性的影响。     

3维GIS在管道完整性管理中的应用

介绍了大庆油田工程有限公司在管道完整性管理信息化系统建设方面的成果，重点介绍3维GIS技术在完整性管理中的应用，以3维GIS作为工具进行工程地质灾害风险分析与预测的实现方法。     

论工程岩体完整性的评价方法

目前国内外对工程岩体完整性的评价方法很多,均从某一侧面间接反映了岩体的完整程度,缺乏科学性.结合工程勘察实践及相关学科的研究,对岩体完整性评价,建立了KY、RID新公式,提高了工程岩体完整程度评价方法的科学性.     

岩体完整性指标IRMI的工程应用与分析

岩体完整性指标（IRMI）是基于钻孔成像技术的评价岩体完整性的新指标,定义为全孔孔壁图像中岩体完整特征I与孔壁岩体长度（即完整特征I与破碎特征F之和）之比的百分数,即IRMI = I / (I + F)。钻孔成像技术在青岛海湾大桥基础勘察工程中取得了成功应用,获得了大量的第一手资料。通过与钻探和其他岩石质量估算法的对比分析,得出(1) 钻孔摄像弥补了钻孔取芯的不足;(2) 全孔图像为实现准确的岩体完整性评价创造了条件;(3) IRMI能准确地反映岩体完整特征;(4）IRMI通常大于RQD。     

基于反射波法的桩身完整性判别的神经网络模型

提出了一种基于应力波反射波法判别基桩桩身完整性的BP型神经网络模型。该模型以桩身应力波波形曲线、桩的几何尺寸和桩身混凝土波速等为网络的输入信息,预测作为网络输出信息的桩身完整性特征,如正常、缩径、扩径、离析和开裂等。通过采用多种运算改进技术,提高了网络的可行性和计算速度。对天津市软土地基中的数十根灌注桩的实测波形等资料学习和预测,取得了令人满意的精度。     

Impact assessment and protection of outstanding landscape integrity in a natural heritage site: Fairy valley, Kanas Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China

The essential purpose of the Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage is to protect the integrity of heritage values. Outstanding landscape is the core embodiment of the aesthetic value of a natural heritage site. This paper proposes a new assessment method from the point of view of the protection of heritage values. It is used to measure the degree of outstanding landscape integrity under the human and natural impact in natural heritage sites. This paper employ three indices, a visual index of outstanding landscape, a harmony index of the artificial landscape and a disturbance index of damaged landscape, to measure the impact of landscape integrity. The impact assessment model is based on a weighted combination of the three indices. The study site is the Fairy Valley, Kanas Nature Reserve, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in northwest China. The information employed is derived from field investigation and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). A comprehensive evaluation of the Fairy valley was undertaken and it was determined that the outstanding landscape values are being compromised. Three protection methods are proposed to reduce the adverse effects and maintain landscape quality, thereby providing site managers with suggestions for the protection of natural heritage values. More broadly, the paper contributes novel methods of landscape assessment applicable to natural protected areas.     

高应变动力试桩技术的现存问题与改进方向

作为一种简便、经济,同时相对精确的检测方法,高应变检测技术在房屋建筑、市政桥梁、港口水工等工程的基桩承载力、完整性检测及打桩监测中得到了广泛地应用,但是无论是仪器设备等硬件抑或是信号采集、数据分析等软件,仍然存在许多局限性与不足。为了改进检测方法,提高准确度,从多个方面介绍了高应变检测技术的现存问题与改进方向,以期推动该项技术的进一步完善。     

基于CORS网的卫星钟差完备性监测

卫星钟差质量直接影响到高精度用户的定位结果,因此需对钟差实时监测,即为卫星钟差完备性监测,它是导航系统完备性理论体系中重要的组成部分。本文基于完备性监测的理念,利用CORS网的GPS观测值,利用多个基准站计算卫星钟差,分析同一卫星多个站上观测值的残差,确定各卫星钟差的可用性,若某一卫星的观测值残差与其他卫星残差有显著差异,且超过限值,则认为该卫星钟差质量较差,应给出示警信息,实现卫星钟差的完备性监测。最后针对河北省CORS网的观测数据,实现了卫星钟差完备性监测。