中国滑坡遥感

我国滑坡遥感已有20多a的历史,作为区域性滑坡宏观调查的主要手段曾为山区大型工程建设的滑坡灾害调查及防灾减灾工作 作出了重要贡献。上世纪末以来,由于采用了“数字滑坡技术”和高分辨率遥感数据,滑坡遥感成为能更准确的定性、定量的调查手 段,甚至可进行大型个体滑坡的详细调查和监测研究。“数字滑坡”技术的实现主要依赖于遥感技术、数字摄影测量及图像处理技术 、GIS技术和计算机技术的支持。该技术大致可分为3大部分： 滑坡基本信息获取、信息存贮和管理及专题服务技术。本文以三峡库 区、四川天台乡滑坡、金龙山滑坡及易贡滑坡遥感调查及监测说明“数字滑坡”技术的专题服务应用。     

时间拓扑关系在单个要素历史管理中的应用

当前的GIS大多基于图层的技术实现历史变化信息的管理,不具有存储单个要素时空属性的机制。对此,改进了ISO的时间模型,并提出了一种时间拓扑关系模型,目的是便于对单个要素的历史信息进行有效的管理。实验表明,该模型可以实现单个要素的历史信息查询。     

抚松县碱场沟废弃石灰岩矿矿山地质环境特征及治理恢复措施

本文叙述了吉林省抚松县碱场沟废弃石灰岩矿的自然环境概况,阐明了矿山地质环境现状、地质灾害特征及发展趋势,并提出了治理恢复措施。     

地理信息元数据驱动的地图整饰技术研究

提高制图生产效率,改变传统地图生产中制图数据与基础数据分离的情况,形成基础数据与制图数据一体化的生产体系,是信息化制图的基本要求。通过设计地理信息数据与制图数据一体化存储的数据模型和自觉性的动态图形整饰元素,充分挖掘地理信息数据及元数据来驱动地图整饰,能够实现地图整饰元素位置布局的自动调整和内容的动态生成。经研究和实践表明,该方法不仅提高了制图生产效率,而且形成了制图数据动态更新的机制。     

Construction of two selectable markers for integrative/conjugative plasmids in Flavobacterium columnare

Flavobacterium columnare, the etiological agent of columnaris disease, is one of the most important and widespread bacterial pathogens of freshwater fish. In this study, we constructed two artificial selectable markers (chloramphenicol and spectinomycin resistance) for gene transfer in F. columnare. These two new artificial selectable markers, which were created by placing the chloramphenicol or spectinomycin resistance gene under the control of the native acs regulatory region of F. columnare, were functional in both F. columnare and Escherichia coli. The integrative/conjugative plasmids constructed by using these markers were introduced into F. columnare G4 via electroporation or conjugation. The integrated plasmid DNA was confirmed by Southern blotting and PCR analysis. These two markers can be employed in future investigations into gene deletion and the pathogenicity of virulence factors in F. columnare.     

用五位一体找矿模式实现白涧铁矿深部找矿新突破

通过综合分析邯邢地区铁矿有利条件,提出了地层、构造、岩浆岩、围岩蚀变、物探异常“五位一体”的找矿模式,确立了深部找矿新原则,利用这个原则对白涧铁矿进行重新认识,综合分析预测白涧矿区为一埋藏较深、规模较大、品位较高的隐伏产出的邯邢式铁矿床.2006~2010年对白涧铁矿进行了工作,得到了验证,实现了深部找矿新突破,使白涧铁矿成为邯邢地区最大的接触交代式铁矿,是用五位一体找矿模式深部找矿的成功典范.     

模板化数字地图编绘技术的研究与应用

通过研究基于模板的数字地图编绘技术,建立了各类数据处理模型,将制图者的编绘经验融入到模板中,从技术上保证了数字地图编绘的实用性,满足了地理信息获取和地图制图出版的双重要求,实现了数字地图和纸质地图的一体化生产。     

遥感与地理信息系统相结合的城市空间扩展研究

综合应用遥感和地理信息系统技术,以厦门市1988年、2000年TM遥感影像为基础,试验了多种两个时相影像的复合变换方案,生成厦门城市拓展图;既而,引入分维度、圆度,构造了接边指数等,从格局与数量两个角度定量分析了厦门城市拓展的图斑特征;同时,在厦门市城市拓展图基础上,结合福建省土地局历年的土地利用类型调查数据、厦门市自然社会经济概况材料和厦门新城市规划情况等加以叠加复合分析,对厦门城市空间结构进行全方位、多要素、多视角考察。     

Molecular research on the systematically challenging smoothhound shark genus Mustelus: a synthesis of the past 30 years

The species-rich genus Mustelus (smoothhounds) of the shark family Triakidae is one of the most bio-economically important groups of elasmobranchs in the world’s oceans. Despite the commercial value of Mustelus, the systematics of the group remains largely unresolved and there is no global review or synthesis of knowledge about the conservation status and conservation genetics of smoothhounds across all oceanic regions. Here, we analysed published studies as well as grey literature to gain insight into the biogeographic, ecological and behavioural factors that shape genetic diversity in smoothhounds, and we identify critical knowledge gaps. From a series of molecular phylogenetic studies it can be inferred that the genus Mustelus is paraphyletic and that the aplacental species evolved secondarily from the placental species of the genus. The increasing availability of genetic data aids in disentangling systematic issues, such that more meaningful morphological characters can be chosen for use in practical field-identification keys for co-occurring smoothhounds. An integrative taxonomic approach to the genus Mustelus may offer the best chance of recording and protecting the biodiversity of these sharks. Furthermore, it is evident that different smoothhound species exhibit unique gene-flow patterns, suggesting varying rates within species and hence that species-level conservation approaches would be most appropriate. Molecular studies have advanced our understanding of smoothhound biology (including reproductive traits), ecology and evolution. While many knowledge gaps remain, a crucial lesson from this review is that, when doing assessments on a molecular level, it is important to place genetic results in a broader context, by assimilating biological and ecological data, if definitive conclusions are to be drawn.     

微机在中文地质文献检索中的应用

本文介绍了国际上先进的ＣＤＳ／ＩＳＩＳ文献管理软件及其与“中文地质文献库”的接口试验。作者在中国地质矿产信息研究院中文地质文献库的基础上，建立了河南省地矿厅的中文地质文献库，成功地将微机应用于中文地质文献检索中。利用微机进行文献检索可大大提高文献检索的查准率和检索速度。