A new facies model for the Upper Gypsum of Sicily (Italy): chronological and palaeoenvironmental constraints for the Messinian salinity crisis in the Mediterranean

The Upper Gypsum unit of the Caltanissetta Basin (Sicily) records the last phase of the Messinian salinity crisis comprising the so‐called ‘Lago Mare’ event. A new facies analysis study recognizes nine to ten depositional cycles consisting of seven rhythmically interbedded primary gypsum bodies, and two to three sandstone bodies separated by marly terrigenous horizons showing laterally persistent vertical organization. A basal thin gypsum bed is overlain by a cluster of five thicker gypsum bodies. A marly interval containing two distinct sandstone horizons separates this cluster from the overlying uppermost (seventh) gypsum body. The terrigenous Arenazzolo Formation, in turn followed by the lower Pliocene Trubi Formation, is considered here to form the uppermost part of the Upper Gypsum unit. The rhythmic alternation in the sandy marls and gypsum/sandstone bodies records the response of sediments from shelfal to deltaic systems to precession‐driven arid‐wet climate fluctuations causing cyclical changes of both base‐level and water concentration. During wet climate phases (at insolation maxima) marl and sandstone were deposited in a hypohaline environment as suggested by: (i) the typical Lago Mare faunal assemblage and (ii) the negative δ¹⁸O values. During arid phases (at insolation minima) the reduced meteoric supply, recorded by higher δ¹⁸O values in the carbonate, caused the development of a negative hydrological budget leading to evaporite precipitation. At a basinal scale the Upper Gypsum unit unconformably overlies a mainly clastic evaporite unit containing carbonate breccia (the so‐called ‘Calcare di Base’) and/or clastic gypsum. Towards the basin centres, where the basal contact becomes conformable, a primary gypsum cumulate horizon is present. This layer is interpreted as a possible lateral equivalent of the Halite unit present only in the deepest depocentres. Based on astronomical calibration of the depositional cycles, the Upper Gypsum unit, including the Arenazzolo Formation, spans the interval between 5·33 and 5·53 Ma. This new age calibration allows the deposition of the Halite unit to be dated between 5·6 Ma (top of the Lower Evaporites) and 5·55 Ma (base of the Upper Evaporites) corresponding to isotopic stages TG12 and/or TG14.     

川达煤矿4号煤层＋1195m标高以上瓦斯突出危险性评价

通过测压孔现场实测4号煤层的原始瓦斯压力、钻孔瓦斯自然涌出量,并用刻槽法在测压点附近取样,实验室测定瓦斯吸附常数、煤的孔隙率及煤的坚固性系数f、瓦斯放散初速度ΔP等参数。依据煤层突出危险性单项指标和综合指标评价,认为川达煤矿4号煤层目前采区＋1 195m标高以上不具有煤与瓦斯突出危险性。     

同沉积构造组合模式下的沉积层序特征及其演化——以东蒙古塔贝尔凹陷为例

塔贝尔凹陷是塔木察格盆地的次级构造单元,位于蒙古国东部,向北延伸进入中国境内,与中国的海拉尔盆地同属一个构造单元。塔贝尔凹陷是塔木察格盆地早白垩世由高角度不整合面所限定的一个区域性(二级)的沉积层序构造单元,其内可划分出4个三级层序和数个四级、五级的层序单元。整体上显示为四套从水进到水退的沉积旋回,可识别出扇三角洲、湖泊—扇三角洲—近岸水下扇及湖泊—三角洲等三套沉积相组合。构造、气候、古地貌、物源供给及湖平面的变化等各地质要素之间配合严格控制着凹陷内部层序的构成及其充填响应模式。不同的同生断裂组合模式及其构造参量的变化明显对内部砂体的富集起到再分配、再沉积作用,特别是"人"字型、"之"字型类断裂组合系统,其形成的局部"断角式"富砂模式,易形成良好的圈闭,是有利的勘探方向。构造沉降过程等分析揭示了沉积凹陷经历了三次沉积速率变化的演化旋回,即三个不同的沉降阶段。分别为早白垩世早期的缓慢加速沉降阶段、早白垩世中期的快速沉降阶段和早白垩世晚期的快速—缓慢沉降阶段,这三个阶段的平均沉降速率分别为160m/Ma、205m/Ma和120m/Ma。规模不等的构造沉降严格控制着砂体分散体系在四维空间的展布。     

福建泗洋—凤迹火山成矿区遥感找矿信息提取方法与应用

以遥感地质方法为主导,结合运用地质矿产、地球化学和地球物理等多元地学数据,对泗洋铅锌矿点成矿条件进行综合分析研究,建立遥感信息找矿标志,并通过顶宅银矿点的验证,最后以该标志圈定了3处找矿有利地段,为泗洋—凤迹晚侏罗世火山喷发盆地的找矿提供参考依据。     

增城境内LNG输气干线工程竣工测量及数据入库

现代化城市都拥有一个规模庞大、结构复杂的地下管线系统。就像人体内的血管一样,地下管线担负着物质、能量的传输功能。所以,世界各国都视之为生命线工程。作为城市的重要基础设施,地下管线关系到每个居民的生活和城市的经济发展及整体运行。     

GPS/INS组合导航系统时间同步方法综述

导航传感器间的时间同步是保证全球定位系统/惯性导航系统(GPS/INS)组合导航系统实现的重要前提。详细分析了时间异步产生的原因,归纳了GPS/INS组合导航时间同步的实现思路,阐述了现有的典型时间同步方法。为GPS/INS组合导航系统时间同步设计提供重要参考。     

拓扑关系和方向关系的统一表达模型

统一表达空间关系中的拓扑关系和方向关系是非常有必要的。本文首先对已有的方向模型进行分析和比较,提出了一种方向模型,即采用锥形的方法将空间参照对象的内部、边界和外部分别划分出9个方向区域,描述空间目标对象与这些方向区域的交集的情况,然后结合这种方向模型和九交模型,进而提出了一种能统一表达拓扑关系和方向关系的形式化模型。     

Reading the World: Integrating Geography in an English Language Learner Literacy Program

Abstract

English language development classes focus on teaching students of other languages how to speak, read, and write English. They must also prepare students to meet the many standards and requirements that are prerequisites to content classes, such as geography, and high school graduation. This discussion focuses on the integration of literacy and geography in a classroom with English language learners. A common English language development model, the “Into, Through, Beyond” model of learning, sets a foundation that integrates components of English language acquisition with language arts and geography standards. In turn, this approach to learning prepares the learners for success in social and academic arenas.     

基于GPS/INS姿态测量与定位的航空摄影测量精度分析

OEEPE于1999年启动了名为"集成传感器定向"的实验,研究"是否或在什么条件下GPS/INS直接测量的外方位元素可完全替代空中三角测量"这一焦点问题.对本次OEEPE实验的设立、数据获取与预处理以及"直接传感器定向"与"集成传感器定向"两个阶段的主要内容、输入数据与结果进行了全面系统的介绍,总结了该实验若干关键性的结论,以指导基于GPS/INS系统的航空摄影测量作业生产.     

卡尔曼滤波与H∞滤波在INS／GPS组合导航中的应用

组合导航利用惯性导航（INS）和全球定位系统（GPS）较强的非相似性和互补性,将两者组合,可以取长补短,充分发挥各自的优点,提高导航系统性能。利用卡尔曼滤波能够有效提高其精度,但卡尔曼滤波的应用要求函数模型和随机模型已知,符合实际,这在实际应用中是很难保证的,一般都是通过经验信息确定。H滤波则具有很强的鲁棒性,抗干扰性强。通过仿真数据处理,结果表明：H滤波比卡尔曼滤波在噪声特性未知时更适用,精度更高。