OutDet: an algorithm for extracting the outer surfaces of building information models for integration with geographic information systems

The integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and geographic information systems (GIS) is a promising but challenging topic to solve problems in construction industry. However, loading and rendering rich BIM geometric data and large-scale GIS spatial information in a unified system is still technologically challenging. Current efforts mainly simplify the geometry in BIM models, or convert BIM geometric data to a lower level of detail (LOD). By noticing that only exterior features of BIM models are visible from outdoor observation points, culling BIM interior facilities can dramatically reduce the computational burden when visualizing BIM models in GIS. This study explores the outline detection problem and presents the OutDet algorithm, which selects representative observation points, transforms & projects the BIM geometric data into the same coordinate system, and detects the visible facilities. Empirical study results show that OutDet can cull a large portion of unnecessary features when rendering BIM models in GIS. The use of outlines of BIM models is not an alternative but rather a supplementary approach for current solutions. Jointly using LOD and outer surface can help improve the efficiency of integrated BIM-GIS visualization.Because OutDet retains BIM geometry and semantics, it can be applied to more BIM-GIS applications..     

Land use transition and rural spatial governance: Mechanism,framework and perspectives

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The pattern for utilization of rural space is closely related to rural transformation development (RTD). The problem of rural space utilization is an important...     

Spatio-temporal modeling of PM2.5 concentrations with missing data problem: a case study in Beijing,China

ABSTRACT

One of the major challenges in conducting epidemiological studies of air pollution and health is the difficulty of estimating the degree of exposure accurately. Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) concentrations vary in space and time, which are difficult to estimate in rural, suburban and smaller urban areas due to the sparsity of the ground monitoring network. Satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) has been increasingly used as a proxy of ground PM_2.5 observations, although it suffers from non-trivial missing data problems. To address these issues, we developed a multi-stage statistical model in which daily PM_2.5 concentrations can be obtained with complete spatial coverage. The model consists of three stages – an inverse probability weighting scheme to correct non-random missing patterns of AOD values, a spatio-temporal linear mixed effect model to account for the spatially and temporally varying PM_2.5-AOD relationships, and a gap-filling model based on the integrated nested Laplace approximation-stochastic partial differential equations (INLA-SPDE). Good model performance was achieved from out-of-sample validation as shown in R² of 0.93 and root mean square error of 9.64 μg/m³. The results indicated that the multi-stage PM_2.5 prediction model proposed in the present study yielded highly accurate predictions, while gaining computational efficiency from the INLA-SPDE.     

面向低成本车载IMU的安装姿态估计

车载IMU相对于车体的安装姿态信息是应用车辆非完整约束的必需条件,而车辆非完整约束可以有效解决GNSS信号长时间中断的情形下低成本INS+GNSS组合导航系统精度降低的问题。本文针对车载场景下的低成本消费级IMU,基于卡尔曼滤波和粒子滤波提出了一种估计IMU安装姿态的算法。该算法无需限制IMU相对于车体的姿态为小角度;随后,基于仿真平台对低成本消费级IMU进行建模,利用生成的若干组不同安装姿态的IMU数据对算法进行验证;最后进行车载测试。仿真结果和车载测试结果都表明,该算法可以准确地估计IMU相对于车体的安装姿态,对于低成本INS+GNSS组合导航系统精度的提高具有实际意义。     

应对气候变化的城市规划实施效应评估研究

伴随气候变化与快速城市化,超大城市与城市群高温、暴雨、雾霾极端灾害事件频繁,生态环境问题愈加突出。应对气候变化的城市规划是缓解与适应极端事件的重要手段,它通过优化土地利用、空间结构、道路交通和生态绿化,减缓气候变化与极端事件影响。论文总结了城市规划实施对气候与环境的影响机制,及其实施效应的评估方法,由此将应对气候变化的城市规划问题归结为极端事件指标、经济可行性、区域适用性等多被控变量、多目标、多约束最优化问题的求解。为此亟需基于气候环境与社会经济的协同作用,开展超大城市和城市群的气候变化影响和适应研究,改进应对气候变化城市规划实施效应的评估手段,构建包含城市规划实施效应的区域气候模式系统和多尺度综合评估体系,以实现气候环境最优及社会经济代价最小的绿色智慧韧性发展策略。     

基于复合多属性决策的点云匹配定位结果准确性评价

激光雷达点云匹配与惯性组合导航技术是高精度定位导航领域研究的热点,匹配定位结果评价的准确性直接影响组合导航定位精度,特别是在室外实际道路场景下,环境复杂,点云误匹配概率较大,只有准确评价匹配定位结果,才能提高组合导航定位精度。因此,对于评价模型的研究具有重要的意义。本文将评价模型的构建抽象为多属性决策问题,采用复合多属性决策算法,识别影响定位结果的因素并进行赋权,定量地评价了定位结果的质量,并利用实际道路数据对模型进行了验证。结果表明,本文算法可靠有效,能够反映实际匹配定位结果质量。     

城市环境GPS/UWB组合系统定位精度研究

GPS可见卫星数量不足使得观测方程抗差性下降,在城市环境下一般难以精确定位。文章通过GPS/UWB组合定位抑制GPS观测粗差对定位精度的影响,提升组合系统的定位性能。实验证明,组合系统较GPS单系统在观测值数量、RDOP值、浮点解精度、双差模糊度浮点解精度和固定解精度方面均得到大幅改善。文章认为,借助UWB优秀的测距性能有效地提高了GPS的生存能力,特别是在城市峡谷等GPS信号遮挡严重的环境下应加设一定数量的UWB基准站,保证用户定位的连续性与准确性。     

化脓灸合胸腺五肽注射液治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病40 例临床观察

目的：观察化脓灸联合胸腺五肽注射液治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的临床疗效。方法：将稳定期COPD患者80 例随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各40 例。2组均给予基础治疗,对照组加用胸腺五肽注射液治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上联合化脓灸治疗,治疗3个月后比较2组中医证候疗效,肺功能[第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV1/FVC],血气分析指标[动脉血氧分压（PaO₂）、二氧化碳分压（PaCO₂）]变化,以及疗程结束后随访1年的急性加重人均次数。结果：中医证候疗效总有效率治疗组为92.50%（37/40）,对照组为62.50%（25/40）,组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;2组FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、PaO₂2、PaCO₂治疗前后组内组间比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01或P<0.05）;随访1年急性发作人均次数2组组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：化脓灸联合胸腺五肽注射液治疗COPD,能缓解中医症状,改善肺功能及血气分析指标,减少急性发作次数,值得临床推广应用。     

基于综合生物标志物响应评价苯并芘对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)的毒性效应

苯并[a]芘(Ba P)是一类典型多环芳烃(PAHs)污染物。为了定量评价Ba P对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)的毒性效应,采用水体暴露实验,研究了脊尾白虾肝胰脏、肌肉组织的5种生物标志物(EROD、GST、SOD、CAT、MDA)对Ba P暴露的响应,并应用综合生物标志物响应(IBR)定量评价了Ba P对肝胰脏、肌肉组织的毒性差异。结果显示:肝胰脏、肌肉组织的EROD、GST、SOD、CAT活性整体呈现诱导-抑制的规律性变化,除了0.05μg/L实验组CAT外,其余各实验组肝胰脏组织生物标志物活性在实验结束时均显著高于对照组(P0.05),除了0.45μg/L实验组EROD、CAT外,其余各浓度组肌肉组织生物标志物活性在实验结束时均与对照组无显著性差异(P0.05),MDA含量呈现持续上升的趋势,在实验结束时各实验组均显著高于对照组(P0.05);IBR值存在时间效应和剂量效应。研究结果表明,肝胰脏、肌肉组织对Ba P的暴露响应存在差异性,肝胰脏生物标志物综合应激活性高于肌肉组织。     

“中国高分”科技重大专项在对地观测发展历程中的阶段研究

系统梳理1998年民用航天管理机构调整,特别是2005年天地一体化结构调整实施以及国家科技重大专项高分辨率对地观测系统(下称高分专项)从2007年开始论证到实施至今10余年发展历程,揭示行业发展基本规律,首次将中国民用遥感行业发展划分为4个阶段,阐述了每个阶段主要特征、面临的问题以及创新管理实践;首次将高分专项十年历程明确为一个发展阶段,提出本行业未来发展要在高分专项阶段成果基础上,推动遥感行业继"由试验应用型向业务服务型转变"成功后,向"体系效能型"转变,再次引领和推动中国对地观测新体系建设。