基于投影变换的线阵旋转扫描相机标定方法

针对线阵旋转扫描相机标定数据难以获取及模型解算不稳定的问题,提出了一种基于投影变换的线阵旋转扫描相机标定方法。首先构建了一种新的线阵旋转扫描相机成像模型,该模型可以根据相机旋转平台参数、线阵旋转扫描相机成像平面与其切平面的位置关系将旋转扫描图像投影为框幅式图像;然后根据构建出的成像模型,采用直接线性变换法和非线性优化方法进行相机标定和参数优化。试验结果表明,此方法简单易行,具有较高的精度。     

��ͬITRF�ο����NEU����ϵͳ�µ��ٶȳ�ת��

????GLOBK?????NEU?????????????????????????????????ι??????????ITRF?ο?????????????????????????????????ITRF?ο?????μ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ITRF2005??ITRF2008????????????????????????     

An examination of the use of the logratio transformation for the testing of endmember hypotheses

Given a compositional dataset in the absence of any prior information on any mixing process which may have formed it, a complete analysis of mixtures determines three distinct types of estimates in order. These are: (i) the estimate of the number of endmembers or fixed source compositions, of which all the sample compositions of the dataset must be approximate mixtures; (ii) the estimated compositions for each of these chosen number of endmembers; and (iii) the estimated contributions of each of these endmember estimates to each sample. Traditionally, the estimate for the number of endmembers has been assessed either by mapping or by inspection of the coefficients of determination between the observed and estimated variables. Mapping entails the plotting on a map of the region from which the samples were taken, either the contours of the contributions of each endmember to each sample, or some other portrayal of the distribution of endmember abundances. Because it requires the complete analysis, assessment by this method is too elaborate except for final confirmation and display. Alternatively, choosing a number of endmembers, which result in suitability high coefficients of determination for all or most variables, may account for elements which are not part of the conjectured mixing process or, worse, may result in the identification of endmembers which may never in fact have existed. Such an error is similar to overspecifying a multiple regression model. So, the obvious starting point from which to assess the validity, or otherwise choice of endmember numbers, is to examine the matrix of residuals. The differences between the logratio-transformed observed and estimated data form an array of residual logratios. A linear combination of these may be formed for each sample, which, under a random perturbation assumption, should follow a univariate normal distribution. Whether or not this scalar is normal can be readily tested. It can also be examined graphically for such desirable qualities as symmetry when the test for normality may be too severe. This procedure is employed to assess the decompositions of the U.S.G.S. Mid-Pacific data and the Nazca Plate Surface sediments.This paper was presented at the 18th Geochautauqua, Newark, Delaware, 13–14 October 1989.     

考虑非线性弥散影响的波浪变形数学模型

提出了逼近Kirby和Dalrymple的非线性弥散关系的显式非线性弥散关系的表达式,该显式表达式与他们的非线性弥散关系的精度几乎完全相同.采用显式非线性弥散关系,结合含弱非线性效应的缓坡方程,得到考虑非线性弥散影响的波浪变形数学模型,并对该数学模型进行了数值验证.结果表明,考虑非线性弥散影响的波浪变形数学模型更为精确.     

松辽盆地可地浸砂岩型铀矿成矿地质条件

本文重点讨论了松辽盆地的地质背景、铀源条件、铀矿化异常与岩相古地理以及盆地后期改造的关系，介绍了该盆地后期改造的特征、后期改造的动力条件及铀元素的再分配，探讨了铀矿化异常与复合砂体、氧化还原条件及剥蚀面的关系。在此基础上预测了铀成矿远景地区，选出找矿的重点层位。     

A computational procedure for joining separate map sheets

Map sheets have been often used as a basic spatial unit for managing spatial data produced from paper maps. This often results in incompatibility between adjacent map sheets, because spatial objects do not cross the boundaries smoothly and even the boundaries themselves do not match their neighbors exactly. To solve the problem this paper proposes a computational procedure for joining separate map sheets to obtain seamless spatial data. Line objects digitized separately in different map sheets are considered, which are frequently used to represent road networks, gas pipelines, and boundaries of polygon objects. The procedure consists of three steps: (1) extraction of end nodes, (2) detection of matching nodes, and (3) transformation of the map sheet. Each step goes interactively so that unexpected errors can be avoided by human observation. To test the validity of the procedure, map sheets are combined containing the road network data of Tokyo 23-ku area, Japan. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

锡铁山铅锌矿地质特征、矿床成因及找矿标志

通过找矿工作的实践，认为锡铁山铅锌矿床是由火山喷流沉积—后期热液叠加改造富集的块状硫化物多金属矿床。区域上NW—SE向早古生代形成的裂谷带，三级盆地内沉积的晚奥陶世滩间山群的大理岩与绿片岩系是表区找矿的最佳区段。而绢云绿泥斜长片岩、含碳质绢云绿泥片岩、白色大理岩、条带状大理岩是铅锌矿的最重要的找矿标志。     

论底苏铅锌矿床的“双源”沉积改造成矿模式

底苏铅锌矿床是近年来发现的。该矿床具“双源”沉积改造特征。同生沉积成岩成矿阶段同时存在海底热水和正常海水沉积作用,形成热水沉积矿石及矿源层。大气降水热液改造成矿阶段,大气降水沿岩石裂隙下渗被加热并淋滤早期沉积矿石及矿源层中的Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ,使之以［ＰｂＣｌ０２］、［ＺｎＣｌ０２］迁移,当含矿热液运移至有利构造部位时,Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ络合物交代地层中的黄铁矿或被有机质还原而再沉淀成矿。本文在矿床地球化学研究基础上,提出了底苏铅锌矿床的成矿模式     

总体最小二乘方法在三维坐标转换中的应用

工程测量中经常需要实现不同坐标系下成果的相互转换,而高精度的转换参数是完成这一工作的基础。获取基准转换参数的实质就是利用公共点在两套坐标系下的坐标,根据相似变换原理建立误差方程求解。传统的最小二乘（LS）相似变换法只考虑了公共点在一套坐标系下的误差,与实际情况不符。基于此,探讨了坐标参数化的平面基准转换方法,解决了考虑公共点在两套坐标系下坐标都含有误差时高斯-马尔科夫（Gauss-Markov,G-M）模型不成立的问题,以相似变换原理为基础,采取通用的最小二乘方法解算基准转换参数。     

Beds comprising debrite sandwiched within co-genetic turbidite: origin and widespread occurrence in distal depositional environments

Co‐genetic debrite–turbidite beds occur in a variety of modern and ancient turbidite systems. Their basic character is distinctive. An ungraded muddy sandstone interval is encased within mud‐poor graded sandstone, siltstone and mudstone. The muddy sandstone interval preserves evidence of en masse deposition and is thus termed a debrite. The mud‐poor sandstone, siltstone and mudstone show features indicating progressive layer‐by‐layer deposition and are thus called a turbidite. Palaeocurrent indicators, ubiquitous stratigraphic association and the position of hemipelagic intervals demonstrate that debrite and enclosing turbidite originate in the same event. Detailed field observations are presented for co‐genetic debrite–turbidite beds in three widespread sequences of variable age: the Miocene Marnoso Arenacea Formation in the Italian Apennines; the Silurian Aberystwyth Grits in Wales; and Quaternary deposits of the Agadir Basin, offshore Morocco. Deposition of these sequences occurred in similar unchannellized basin‐plain settings. Co‐genetic debrite–turbidite beds were deposited from longitudinally segregated flow events, comprising both debris flow and forerunning turbidity current. It is most likely that the debris flow was generated by relatively shallow (few tens of centimetres) erosion of mud‐rich sea‐floor sediment. Changes in the settling behaviour of sand grains from a muddy fluid as flows decelerated may also have contributed to debrite deposition. The association with distal settings results from the ubiquitous presence of muddy deposits in such locations, which may be eroded and disaggregated to form a cohesive debris flow. Debrite intervals may be extensive (> 26 × 10 km in the Marnoso Arenacea Formation) and are not restricted to basin margins. Such long debris flow run‐out on low‐gradient sea floor (< 0·1°) may simply be due to low yield strength (? 50 Pa) of the debris–water mixture. This study emphasizes that multiple flow types, and transformations between flow types, can occur within the distal parts of submarine flow events.