A new technique for evaluating mesospheric momentum balance utilizing radars and satellite data

A new method for evaluating momentum balance in the mesosphere using radar and satellite data is presented. This method is applied to radar wind data from two medium frequency installations (near Adelaide, Australia and Christchurch, New Zealand) and satellite temperature data from the Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (ISAMS). Because of limitations in data availability and vertical extent, the technique can only be applied to evaluate the momentum balance at 80 km above the radar sites for May 1992. The technique allows the calculation of the residual terms in the momentum balance which are usually attributed to the effects of breaking gravity waves. Although the results are inconclusive above Adelaide, this method produces values of zonal and meridional residual accelerations above Christchurch which are consistent with expectation. In both locations it is apparent that geostrophic balance is a poor approximation of reality. (This result is not dependent on a mismatch between the radar and satellite derived winds, but rather is inherent in the satellite data alone.) Despite significant caveats about data quality the technique appears robust and could be of use with data from future instruments.     

Detection of zero anisotropy at 5.2 AU during the November 1998 solar particle event: Ulysses Anisotropy Telescopes observations

For the first time during the mission, the Anisotropy Telescopes instrument on board the Ulysses spacecraft measured constant zero anisotropy of protons in the 1.3/2.2 MeV energy range, for a period lasting more than three days. This measurement was made during the energetic particle event taking place at Ulysses between 25 November and 15 December 1998, an event characterised by constant high proton fluxes within a region delimited by two interplanetary forward shocks, at a distance of 5.2 AU from the Sun and heliographic latitude of 17°S. We present the ATs results for this event and discuss their possible interpretation and their relevance to the issue of intercalibration of the two telescopes.     

Observations of interplanetary scintillation during the 1998 Whole Sun Month: a comparison between EISCAT, ORT and Nagoya data

Observations of interplanetary scintillation (IPS) allow accurate solar wind velocity measurements to be made at all heliographic latitudes and at a range of distances from the Sun. The data may be obtained with either single, double or multiple antennas, each requiring a different method of analysis. IPS data taken during the 1998 whole sun month (30th July–31st August 1998) by EISCAT, the ORT (Ooty Radio Telescope), India, and the Nagoya IPS system, Japan, allow the results of individual methods of analysis to be compared. Good agreement is found between the velocity measurements using each method, and when combined an improved understanding of the structure of the solar wind can be obtained.On leave from the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380 009, India     

单测试质量无拖曳卫星无拖曳及姿态系统仿真及其控制研究

以ASTROD I (Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices I,单航天器天文激光动力学)为例介绍无拖曳卫星的结构及其工作原理.推导了其动力学方程,并在此基础上建立了卫星的动力学数值仿真器.将H2最优控制理论运用于以噪声压制为主要目的的无拖曳卫星控制系统的设计,通过传递函数法及数值法双重分析表明所设计的控制器能符合卫星的控制要求,同时表明在控制器设计过程中采用的线性化假设是适当的.     

Double‐pass spectro‐imaging: TUNIS

We present TUNIS, a double‐pass spectro‐imager built in THEMIS as a proof‐of‐concept for EST. Basic concepts and selected first results are shown. We introduce the concept of a Hadamard spectral mask as a proposition to move forward from the present implementation of a single‐wavelength per image pixel to a more general one of multiplexed spectral information that improves the temporal coherence of the spectral measurement (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Transnational learning, policy analytical capacity, and environmental policy convergence: Survey results from Canada

In this article, we seek to clarify further the effects of internationalization on environmental policy convergence by focussing on a country's policy analytical capacity as a mechanism mediating transnational policy learning. We argue that without significant policy analytical capacity, it is unlikely for transnational communication to produce policy learning crucial to this potential mechanism of international environmental policy convergence. Based on a survey of Canadian provincial public servants, we find that while policy analysts in the environmental policy sector have some interaction with those outside of their own jurisdictions, their particular training, employment patterns, and work activities mean they are unlikely to use knowledge drawn from external sources in their decision-making processes.     

Corrigendum to: Incremental CH4 and N2O mitigation benefits consistent with the U.S. Government's SC-CO2 estimates

The light bulb ban introduced by the EU is used as an example to illustrate how to assess the climate impact of a policy that overlaps with a cap-and-trade scheme. The European Commission estimates that by 2020 the reduction in GHG emissions induced by banning incandescent light bulbs will reach 15 million tons annually. The number is a conservative estimate for the reduction in emissions from lighting if the total residential stock of incandescent light bulbs in 2008 is replaced by more efficient lighting sources. However, it ignores that use-phase and some non-use-phase emissions are covered by the EU Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS). This drastically reduces the amount of GHG emissions saved.

Policy relevance

Several policies such as the EU-wide ban on incandescent light bulbs, energy efficiency mandates and support mechanisms for renewable energy overlap with the EU ETS. While there are typically several justifications for these policies, a chief reason is the reduction of GHG emissions. However, given that the aggregate emissions of the industries covered are fixed by the EU ETS, the climate change mitigation aspect of these policies is not obvious. Using the light bulb ban as an example, this article illustrates how a focus on non-EU ETS emissions changes the assessment of an intervention in terms of GHG reductions.     

新型PTH-Ⅵ型气象参数测量仪的研制

介绍一种新型气象参数测量仪的主要技术指标和功能特点.该仪器使用了高准确度的HD9008TR温湿度传感器、MS5534C气压传感器,采用先进的电子线路设计,具有准确度高、稳定性好、可扩展性强、性能价格比高等特点,满足常规气象监测.     

波浪仪器海上比测试验方法研究

波浪测量仪器由于观测对象的随机性和本身工作原理的多样性,很难通过室内实验进行计量检定,而海上试验的进行通常采用仪器比测的方式开展,文中就波浪测量仪器进行实海况仪器比测试验的方法进行了研究和探讨。首先通过严格选取试验环境、选择合适的试验参照仪器并规定统一的试验方法和试验流程,确保比测试验获得的数据具有真实的可比性。然后进一步通过对试验数据的处理和分析,对波浪仪器的准确性、可靠性和稳定性等仪器性能进行了分析,以期对波浪仪器比测试验标准规范的建立提供理论参考。