电子水准仪数据检查及其预处理

测量数据的检查及预处理是测量内外业一体化中的重要环节,其意义在于最大限度地保证原始测量数据的真实性及有效性。本文以TfimbleDiNi03电子水准仪为例,通过对其原始数据格式进行分析,阐述了数据检查的主要内容、方法及其预处理的基本思路、基本步骤。     

水工地下大洞径断面开挖轮廓线监理检测

隧洞断面开挖放样是直接为施工服务的,而检测工作是监理人员必须的工作。监理人员结合测量仪器和计算工具,依据具体的施工图纸进行隧洞断面开挖检测验收,检查开挖断面尺寸,核定超挖部分回填混凝土量。本文就海原县石峡口水库水工建筑物地下大洞径隧洞断面开挖后的检测计算方法作了论述,找出了解决该问题的办法,希望为类似工程监理及施工工作起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

论测绘仪器在促进测绘事业发展中的作用

本文主要论述了测绘仪器在促进测绘事业发展中的地位与作用，说明加快发展我国测绘仪器的必要性，同时提出了发展我国测绘仪器的建议。     

1983—2017年宁夏盐池县生态治理政策的类型与变化——基于政策工具视角

政策工具是政府实施政策的手段。结合盐池县1983-2017年出台的生态治理政策,运用内容分析法,从政策工具视角,对盐池县生态治理政策的类型与变化进行了分析,并深入探讨其原因。结果表明:强制型和混合型政策工具占主导地位,其中,规制、直接提供、信息与劝诫、补贴与奖励4种工具使用频率最高,自愿型工具的使用还很缺乏。政策工具的运用受到中央政策的显著影响。以后应当开发更多可利用的政策工具,并对不同政策工具进行优化组合。通过本研究可深入了解生态脆弱区地方政府生态政策的政策工具使用情况,为生态脆弱区生态保护的政策工具选择与优化组合提供参考。     

改进型中心管模型能量转换性能试验及样机设计

为了提高中心管振荡水柱波浪能利用技术能量转换效率,基于新的认识和目前常用的2.4米导航灯标,对中心管尾部设计了三种模型并在造波水槽中进行能量转换性能试验。试验结果表明:直管型中心管俘获宽度比最高达到了70.25%,但通频带宽度窄;加长喇叭口型中心管略好于喇叭口型中心管;在喷咀比为0.02条件下,加长喇叭口型中心管浮体有较高双峰俘获宽度比,波峰为40.0%,波谷为31.6%,通频带宽,为随机波下高效转换创造了条件。最高俘获宽度比和双峰通频带特性实验数据结果都优于历史文献值。根据试验数据对一些适合小型海洋仪器供电的样机进行了设计,设计的样机具有较高的性价比。     

海底观测网发展现状及趋势研究

文中详细研究了当前世界上最典型的海底观测网的建设发展规模、形式、设备类型以及我国海底观测网的发展现状,并对国内外海底观测网的发展趋势进行总结。对日本、加拿大、美国及欧洲的海底观测网进行了设备级研究,对我国台湾地区、东海、南海的海底观测网现状进行了研究,并讨论了国外先进观测网对我国的海底观测网建设的借鉴意义。文中总结出海底观测网发展的整体趋势为:单节点网络加速验证新型设备及传感器的水下能力;区域尺度网络用于加速多学科发展并提升灾害预警能力;而浮标平台网络作为补充,铺设在远海区域以降低阶段建设成本。     

Options to overcome the barriers to pricing European agricultural emissions

Although agriculture could contribute substantially to European emission reductions, its mitigation potential lies untapped and dormant. Market-based instruments could be pivotal in incentivizing cost-effective abatement. However, sector specificities in transaction costs, leakage risks and distributional impacts impede its implementation. The significance of such barriers critically hinges on the dimensions of policy design. This article synthesizes the work on emissions pricing in agriculture together with the literature on the design of market-based instruments. To structure the discussion, an options space is suggested to map policy options, focusing on three key dimensions of policy design. More specifically, it examines the role of policy coverage, instruments and transfers to farmers in overcoming the barriers. First, the results show that a significant proportion of agricultural emissions and mitigation potential could be covered by a policy targeting large farms and few emission sources, thereby reducing transaction costs. Second, whether an instrument is voluntary or mandatory influences distributional outcomes and leakage. Voluntary instruments can mitigate distributional concerns and leakage risks but can lead to subsidy lock-in and carbon price distortion. Third, the impact on transfers resulting from the interaction of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) with emissions pricing will play a key role in shaping political feasibility and has so far been underappreciated.

POLICY RELEVANCE

Following the 2015 Paris Agreement, European climate policy is at a crossroads. Achieving cost-effectively the 2030 and 2050 European targets requires all sectors to reduce their emissions. Yet, the cornerstone of European climate policy, the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), covers only about half of European emissions. Major sectors have been so far largely exempted from carbon pricing, in particular transport and agriculture. While transport has been increasingly under the spotlight as a possible candidate for an EU ETS sectoral expansion, policy discussions on pricing agricultural emissions have been virtually absent. This article attempts to fill this gap by investigating options for market-based instruments to reduce agricultural emissions while taking barriers to implementation into account.     

Scientific Objectives of China-Russia Joint Mars Exploration Program YH-1

Compared with other planets, Mars is a planet most similar with the earth and most possible to find the extraterrestrial life on it, and therefore especially concerned about by human beings. In recent years, some countries have launched Mars probes and announced their manned Mars exploration programs. China has become the fifth country in the world to launch independently artificial satellites, and the third country able to carry out an independent manned space program. However, China is just at the beginning of deep space explorations. In 2007, China and Russia signed an agreement on a joint Mars exploration program by sending a Chinese micro-satellite Yinghuo-1 (YH-1) to the Mars orbit. Once YH-1 enters its orbit, it will carry out its own exploration, as well as the joint exploration with the Russian Phobos-Grunt probe. This paper summarizes the scientific background and objectives of YH-1 and describes briefly its payloads for realizing these scientific objectives. In addition, the main exploration tasks of YH-1 and a preliminary prospect on its exploration results are also given.     

形变数字化仪器故障分析

通过对山东省形变仪器故障的总结和分析,提供了形变仪器故障排除的经验,为台站运行维护提供参考。