江苏省第一次地理国情普查实施初探

第一次全国地理国情普查是党的十八大之后,国务院部署的一项重要任务,通过全面准确地掌握地表自然和人文地理信息现状和空间分布情况,为国家发展战略与规划的制定和实施、国土空间开发格局和各类资源配置的优化提供重要依据,对于支撑宏观决策,满足经济社会发展和生态文明建设需求具有历史性和里程碑式的意义。本文通过论述江苏省第一次地理国情普查的目的意义、对象任务、主要内容、技术路线、主要方法以及质量控制,初步探索了江苏省地理国情普查的实施模式。     

运用“一法三化”进行测绘质量项目管理

由于测绘项目需要在野外工作,且具有工作流动性、单一性,资料保密性、特殊性等特点,使得测绘单位与其他工业、工厂、食品生产单位相比,管理更具复杂性。尤其是一些大型工程,如西部无人区测图、全国1∶50 000地形图数据库更新、青海东部黄河谷地百万亩土地开发整理、陕西秦岭1∶10 000无图区等测绘项目,施工过程中若有一点疏忽甚至微小的纰漏就会造成重大工程质量问题。近几年来,国内工程项目质量不合格现象频频发生,形势比较严峻。笔者结合测绘项目的特点提出运用"一法三化"进行测绘质量项目管理的管理理念。     

基于3G与3S集成的土地利用执法检查应用

土地卫片执法检查是政府实施土地严格管理的重要手段.本文以绵阳市2009年度遥感土地执法检查为例,选用2008年和2009年两个时相的中巴资源卫星02B遥感图像作为信息源,对3G与3S集成技术在土地利用执法检查中应用方法进行了研究.该方法利用RS获取土地利用变化信息,利用VRS-GPS技术采集变化图斑空间与属性特征信息,...     

沁水煤田赵庄矿区地质构造分析与研究

在野外踏勘和室内资料整理分析的基础上,对赵庄矿区物探工作所查明的断层、井下揭露的断层以及野外观测到的断层进行了断层倾角统计和分断距统计对比分析。对矿区范围内井上下的断层和野外实测节理滑动面的发育规律进行了总结。在此基础上,分析了赵庄矿区地质构造体系及其演化规律。     

The emergent network structure of the multilateral environmental agreement system

The conventional piecemeal approach to environmental treaty-making has resulted in a ‘maze’ of international agreements. However, little is known empirically about its overall structure and evolutionary dynamics. This study reveals and characterizes the evolving structure of the web of international environmental treaty law. The structure was approximated using 1001 cross-references among 747 multilateral environmental agreements concluded from 1857 to 2012. Known network analysis measures were used to answer the following questions: has a complex system of international environmental treaty law emerged? If so when, and what does it look like? What are its topological properties? To what extent is the institutional complex fragmented? The network analysis suggested that multilateral environmental agreements have self-organized into an interlocking system with a complex network structure. Furthermore, the system has defragmented as it coevolved with the increasing complexity and interconnectivity of global environmental challenges. This study demonstrates the need to approach multilateral environmental agreements in the context of a complex networked system, and recommends against assuming the overall institutional structure is fragmented. Proposals for global environmental governance reform should pay attention to this network's emergent polycentric order and complexity and to the implications of these features for the functioning of the multilateral environmental agreement system.     

渔村社区转型管窥——湛江市遂溪县某渔村个案分析

随着渔业经济的发展，捕捞强度过大使得渔业资源严熏衰退，渔村社区面临转型的困境。以调查村为例从产业结构、管理体制、文化教育管理、生活方式等四个方面对其现实的状况与困境进行分析，并在此基础上提出转型的相应对策措施，以期为相关政府部门的决策提供参考和借鉴。     

Self‐similar solution of a plane‐strain fracture driven by a power‐law fluid

This paper analyses the problem of a hydraulically driven fracture, propagating in an impermeable, linear elastic medium. The fracture is driven by injection of an incompressible, viscous fluid with power‐law rheology and behaviour index n?0. The opening of the fracture and the internal fluid pressure are related through the elastic singular integral equation, and the flow of fluid inside the crack is modelled using the lubrication theory. Under the additional assumptions of negligible toughness and no lag between the fluid front and the crack tip, the problem is reduced to self‐similar form. A solution that describes the crack length evolution, the fracture opening, the net fluid pressure and the fluid flow rate inside the crack is presented. This self‐similar solution is obtained by expanding the fracture opening in a series of Gegenbauer polynomials, with the series coefficients calculated using a numerical minimization procedure. The influence of the fluid index n in the crack propagation is also analysed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

渔村社区转型管窥--湛江市遂溪县某渔村个案分析

随着渔业经济的发展,捕捞强度过大使得渔业资源严重衰退,渔村社区面临转型的困境.以调查村为例从产业结构、管理体制、文化教育管理、生活方式等四个方面对其现实的状况与困境进行分析,并在此基础上提出转型的相应对策措施,以期为相关政府部门的决策提供参考和借鉴.     

Centrifuge modelling of landslides and landslide hazard mitigation: A review

Landslides are serious geohazards that occur under a variety of climatic conditions and can cause many casualties and significant economic losses. Centrifuge modelling, as a representative type of physical modelling, provides a realistic simulation of the stress level in a small-scale model and has been applied over the last 50 years to develop a better understanding of landslides. With recent developments in this technology, the application of centrifuge modelling in landslide science has significantly increased. Here, we present an overview of physical models that can capture landslide processes during centrifuge modelling. This review focuses on (i) the experimental principles and considerations, (ii) landslide models subjected to various triggering factors, including centrifugal acceleration, rainfall, earthquakes, water level changes, thawing permafrost, excavation, external loading and miscellaneous conditions, and (iii) different methods for mitigating landslides modelled in centrifuge, such as the application of nails, piles, geotextiles, vegetation, etc. The behaviors of all the centrifuge models are discussed, with emphasis on the deformation and failure mechanisms and experimental techniques. Based on this review, we provide a best-practice methodology for preparing a centrifuge landslide test and propose further efforts in terms of the seven aspects of model materials, testing design and equipment, measurement methods, scaling laws, full-scale test applications, landslide early warning, and 3D modelling to better understand the complex behaviour of landslides.