Generation and Evolution of Ore Fluids for Porphyry Cu-Au Mineralization of the Santo Tomas II (Philex) Deposit, Philippines

Abstract: The Santo Tomas II (Philex) deposit is a porphyry Cu‐Au deposit, located in the southern part of the Baguio mineral district, Benguet Province, northern Luzon, Philippines. The Santo Tomas II deposit is associated with an intrusive complex consisting of four rock types that are distinguished based on petrography. They are 1) post‐ore clinopyroxene‐bearing hornblende andesite porphyry, 2) ore‐generating hornblende andesite porphyry, 3) hornblende quartz diorite porphyry and 4) porphyritic hornblende quartz diorite. K‐Ar age of hydrothermal biotitization was estimated to be 1.5±0.4 Ma. A number of intrusive bodies having broadly similar petrography and K‐Ar age occur in the vicinity of the Santo Tomas II deposit, such as at Clifton, Ligay (Binang), Bumolo (Waterhole) and Philex Main Camp areas. The intrusions at the Santo Tomas II deposit and in the vicinity are characterized by high X_Mg (Mg/[Mg+Fe] atomic ratio, about 0.7 or higher) of mafic silicate phenocrysts such as hornblende, and high sulfur contents (> 0.2 wt% as SO₃) in accessory microphenocrystic apatite, suggesting a highly oxidizing condition. Sulfur is accommodated dominantly as oxidized species since the crystallization of phe‐nocrysts. Sub‐dendritic rim of tremolitic amphibole on hornblende phenocryst in the ore‐generating andesite porphyry at the Santo Tomas II deposit suggests interaction of magma and aqueous fluid(s) exsolved due to decompression during intrusion. Dissemination of magnetite is associated with hydrothermal biotitization and is followed by sheeted and stockwork quartz veinlets having silician magnetite and rare titanohematite instead of Cu‐Fe sulfides. The silician magnetite‐rich quartz veinlet was formed at f_O2 near the hematite‐magnetite buffer at nearly magmatic temperature, where sulfur dominantly existed as oxidized species such as SO₂. Chalcopyrite and bornite, which commonly exhibit micrographic texture often accompanying Pd telluride and native gold/Au‐rich electrum, are associated with subsequent anhydrite (‐quartz) veinlets and stringers. Both intermediate solid solution (iss) and bornite solid solution (bnss) are thought to have coprecipitated primarily at above 500°C based on fluid inclusion microthermometry and sulfur isotope thermometry applied for anhydrite and associated chal‐copyrite and bornite. The initial iss is considered to have converted to chalcopyrite partly replacing bnss during cooling. The hypersaline polyphase fluid inclusions abundantly found in the sheeted and stockwork quartz as well as anhydrite veinlets with scarce gaseous inclusions suggest that they have been trapped in the two aqueous fluid immiscible region. The western Luzon arc associated with porphyry Cu mineralization is characterized by oxidized hydrous magmatism and shallow emplacement, and by the source of sulfur enriched in ³⁴S.     

北京地区东西向构造带对金矿化的有利条件分析

东西向构造带是北京地区一条主要的金矿化带，本文在1／5万区域地质调查及曹碾沟－上窝铺－带金矿普查的基础上，以北干沟金矿化点为例，对该构造带的演化及其对金矿化形成的有利条件进行了初步分析。     

地下流体数字化观测条件和技术研究

在新疆现有仪器设备基础上，结合“九五”流体台网数字化技术改造要求，在不同观测点、不同观测条件下，利用不同方法对水温、压力、水氡、气氡、氦和断层土壤气氡等测项开展了多项对比观测实践验，找出 了稳定可靠、反应灵敏、信息量大、适用野外自动化观测的观测条件和方法。     

THE SENSITIVITY INFLUENCE OF NUMERICAL MODEL INITIAL VALUES ON FOUR-DIMENSIONAL ASSIMILATION-STUDY BASED ON LORENZ SYSTEM*

Numerical experiments of adjoint variational assimilation have been performed using the known Lorenz system.With the increase of sensitivity of model's initial values,it is more and more difficult to use the adjoint method to get the initial values which are consistent with the dynamics of the forecast model.Under some circumstances the algorithm completely fails.This shows that four-dimensional assimilation is related to the limit of predictability.On the other hand.with the increase of model equation's error,the result of variational assimilation may become worse and worse so that the prediction has no meaning.But if the model parameters are corrected when variational assimilation is made,the forecast results can be greatly improved based on Lorenz model.     

非线性伪双曲方程的第二初边值问题

本文利用Ｌｅｒａｙ－Ｓｃｈａｕｄｅｒ不动点原理和Ｓｏｂｏｌｅｖ估计，证明了非线性伪双曲方程的第二初边值问题整体弱解的存在唯一性，其中ｍ≥１，ａｉ＞０（ｉ＝１，２，３）都是常数。     

地理国情监测地表覆盖分类数据的质量控制

自2016年开始,地理国情工作的重心由普查转移到监测上来。地理国情监测地表覆盖分类数据成果的各项质量指标均比普查时更严格,如何更好地做好地表覆盖分类数据质量控制工作,直接影响监测数据成果的质量水平。本文结合山东省2019年度国情监测数据成果验收工作,对地表覆盖分类数据成果质量问题进行分析探讨,并对提高地表覆盖分类数据的质量水平提出建议。     

地幔对流环型场的激发(Ⅰ)

讨论了地幔内部的粘滞度及施加在地表和CMB 的边界条件对地幔对流环型场的激发分析表明,当粘滞度侧向均匀时,环型场与极型场自然解耦,且环型场不影响重力位,当粘滞度侧向不均时,环型场与极型场耦合在一起.两者共同影响重力位.当引入板块运动速度时,边界条件非零,也能激发环型场;对侧向均匀粘滞度地幔,零边界条件不能激发环型场     

对安康水库诱发地震的预测

本文对安康水库地质构造背景、水文地质条件、地震活动特点以及区域内现代应力场作了分析,并通过与条件类似的国内外诱发地震水库类比,对安康(火石岩)水库进行了时、空、强参数预测,认为:当水库水位达到设计水位线330m高程后的1～3年内,库区内会诱发4～5级地震。同时指出了诱震区范围。     

Determination of moment magnitude from acceleration spectrum

The theoretical acceleration spectrum of observation site has been obtained from source acceleration spectrum derived from scaling law, using attenuation modelQ=Q _ν f ^η . A comparison of a set of theoretical acceleration spectra with observation spectra has been made, and we have obtained the attenuation model for observation site and seismic moment magnitude. We obtain thatQ _o=300,η=0.25 for Wuqia area, Xinjing Zizhizhou, and seismic moment magnitudes of 18 greater aftershocks of Wuqia earthquake occurred in 1985. In order to obtain seismic moment magnitued conveniently, three functional tables of acceleration spectra at 1Hz as the distances for variousQ value have been made. The seismic moment magnitude can be quickly measured from acceleration spectrum at 1Hz according to these tables (epicenter has to be known). The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 435–445, 1992.