稀土元素内潜同晶分馏模式及其意义

稀土元素所具有的内潜同晶现象,可将其14个元素则可视为一个元素,而其它稀土元素视为其同位素,其在地质作用过程中,将像同位素一样,存在分馏。按照同位素的分馏模式,以球粒陨石值作为标准,计算出每一个稀土元素的分馏值,其值按δREE=[(REE/ΣREE)样品/(REE/ΣREE)球粒陨石-1]×100计算,以此为纵坐标,以原子序数为横坐标,作一个模式图,这种模式图称为稀土元素内潜同晶分馏模式图。该模式图在岩石成因,特别是岩浆岩的成因、岩浆岩的演化等方面有其独特的意义。     

Statistical Analysis of the Completeness of a Seismic Catalogue

Among the numerous issues that the study of seismic events presents, theincompleteness of catalogues is certainly one of the most important. It is also one that only the contribution of many and different skills canprovide with a valid solution. In this paper the search for the complete part of a catalogue is expressed in terms of identification of the changepoint in a hierarchical Bayesian model. Stochastic simulation methods, recently presented in the literature, have enabled us to overcome the computational issues that previously made this approach prohibitive. We have applied the method on data, drawn from the Italian NT4.1.1 catalogue,related to some seismogenetic zones of ZS.4 zonation within which we assumespatial incompleteness to be homogeneous. The results obtained are given inthe concluding sections of the paper.     

基于低轨星座增强的北斗系统RAIM可用性分析

介绍基于残差的RAIM模型及基于单故障假设的保护水平计算方法,分析信号波束角与低轨信号高度遮蔽角之间的关系,提出以保护水平改善值和保护水平改善比作为低轨星座完好性增强的评价指标。同时,基于北斗系统与低轨星座的仿真数据,分析高度遮蔽角和等效误差水平对低轨星座增强的北斗系统保护水平和RAIM可用性的影响。结果表明,低轨星座的高度遮蔽角和等效误差水平越低,对导航系统保护水平和RAIM可用性的增强效果越好。     

北斗卫星定位系统的技术特征分析与应用

给出了双星导航系统的发展历程，指出了北斗卫星导航系统的建立和组成；分析了北斗卫星导航系统的功能和定位原理，并在此基础上，通过与GPS系统的对比，分析了北斗卫星导航系统的技术特征，特别指出了北斗卫星导航系统在民用领域带来的经济效益；最后，展望了未来卫星导航系统的发展前景。     

利用ICCG迭代技术加快电阻率三维正演计算

一般而言,有限差分法求解点源三维地电场正问题所形成的大型稀疏线性方程组Ａｘ＝ｂ,直接解法的计算效率极低。本文从系数矩阵Ａ的不完全Ｃｈｏｌｅｓｋｙ分解及矩阵特征值的特点等角度,说明了不完全Ｃｈｏｌｅｓｋｙ共轭梯度（ＩＣＣＧ）迭代技术可大大提高电阻率三维正演速度的内在原因。结合矩阵Ａ的稀疏存储模式,使得内存需求也大大减少。     

星座"聚类法在山区农业生态经济区划中的应用——以广西融水苗族自治县为例

以山区农业生态经济区划原则为基础,应用“星座”聚类分析方法,将融水县划分出２ 级４个农业生态经济类型区,并对各类型区的现状及农业生产发展方向进行了综合分析     

一种原状欠压密土的力学特性实验研究

原状土的结构性对它的力学性质影响显著。通过对原状土与重塑土多应力路径的实验结果比较,来揭示原状土体从小应变到大应变的特殊力学特性及应力路径的影响。从等压固结对比实验可看出,该原状样明显的结构性与欠压密性。对于原状欠压密土,体应变对土体结构性的破坏要大于剪应变。欠压密原状土的结构性对土体强度的影响主要表现在内摩擦角的增大。土体小应变时表现出明显的高刚度与非线性。通过不同方向切样的原状样实验结果对比,反映了原状土体存在明显的各向异性,结构性引起的各向异性在应变越小时越明显。     

Structural identification with incomplete output‐only data and independence of measured information for shear‐type systems

Structural identification is the inverse problem of estimating physical parameters of a structural system from its vibration response measurements. Incomplete instrumentation and ambient vibration testing generally result in incomplete and arbitrarily normalized measured modal information, often leading to an ill‐conditioned inverse problem and non‐unique identification results. The identifiability of any parameter set of interest depends on the amount of independent available information. In this paper, we consider the identifiability of the mass and stiffness parameters of shear‐type systems in output‐only situations with incomplete instrumentation. A mode shape expansion‐cum‐mass normalization approach is presented to obtain the complete mass normalized mode shape matrix, starting from the incomplete non‐normalized modes identified using any operational modal analysis technique. An analysis is presented to determine the minimum independent information carried by any given sensor set‐up. This is used to determine the minimum necessary number and location of sensors from the point of view of minimum necessary information for identification. The different theoretical discussions are illustrated using numerical simulations and shake table experiments. It is shown that the proposed identification algorithm is able to obtain reliably accurate physical parameter estimates under the constraints of minimal instrumentation, minimal a priori information, and unmeasured input. The sensor placement rules can be used in experiment design to determine the necessary number and location of sensors on the monitored system. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

混合星座的精度因子与定位性能分析

通过对静地同步卫星(GEO)、倾斜轨道同步卫星(IGSO)/GEO结合和MEO/GEO结合等星座的精度因子(DOP)计算和分析,初步探索了利用混合星座解决无高程辅助的纯GEO星座不能垂向定位和水平定位精度欠佳的问题。同时,结合我国卫星导航系统的发展,提出利用IGSO/GEO混合星座作为区域定位星座向全球定位星座过渡的观点。     

低轨导航增强GNSS发展综述

低轨星座具有地面接收信号强度高、几何图形变化快的优势,能够与中高轨GNSS星座形成互补,对增强GNSS的精度、完好性、连续性和可用性具有显著优势,已成为当前卫星导航领域的关注热点。本文首先简要介绍了现有的GNSS增强系统;总结了国内外低轨导航增强星座发展现状;针对低轨导航增强,对比分析了高中低轨导航星座的优缺点;重点讨论了低轨导航增强在联合定轨、快速精密定位、空间天气监测和室内定位等方面带来的机遇;分析指出了低轨导航增强的空间段、地面段和用户段所面临的挑战。