Failure mode and pullout capacity of anchor piles in soils with cohesive and cohesionless properties

Abstract

The present work develops a theoretical model based on a rational mechanical model and the failure mechanism of anchor piles in the seabed, by which the failure mode and pullout capacity of anchor piles under inclined loading can be predicted in the soils with both cohesive and cohesionless properties. Experimental and numerical results are employed to validate the theoretical predictions. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the effects of different parameters on the failure mode and pullout capacity of anchor piles, to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the theoretical model and to gain further knowledge of the anchor properties. An analytical method is also proposed to evaluate the optimal position of the attachment point of anchor piles, and confirmed by relevant studies in either cohesive or cohesionless soils.

1. Highlights

2. A novel theoretical model is proposed to analyze the failure mode and pullout capacity of anchor piles.

3. The model is applied to inclined loading and to soils with both cohesive and cohesionless properties.

4. Efficiency and applicability of the model are validated through comparative and parametric studies.

5. A simple expression is proposed to predict the optimal position of the attachment point for anchor piles.

     

下庄铀矿田湖子地区缓倾斜矿体的新发现及其找矿意义

在下庄铀矿田湖子地区发现有硅化带型、交点型及碱交代型铀矿化,并且以硅化带型铀矿化为主。深部钻探揭露显示,6009号硅化断裂带主带及其上盘次级构造带内的铀矿体在深部延伸比较稳定。在6009号硅化断裂带与黄陂-张光营辉绿岩组的深部交汇区内发现隐伏的缓倾斜铀矿体,该矿体严格受平缓断裂构造控制,根据已有地质成果与认识,推测铀矿体往深部延伸有变厚变富的趋势。深部隐伏缓倾斜铀矿体的发现,有望使湖子地区铀矿化点扩大成为中-大型铀矿床。     

中深斜孔绳索取心高强耐磨钻杆的研究与应用

针对中深斜孔钻进中φ60mm绳索取心钻杆机械强度低、耐磨性能差、钻杆拧卸难等问题,采用对绳索取心钻杆整体调质处理的方式．大幅提高了绳索取心钻杆的机械强度;对绳索取心钻杆表面高频淬火,提高了钻杆表面的硬度和耐磨性;采用重型绳索取心带切口接手,初步解决了绳索取心钻杆拧卸问题。采用上述钻杆在中深斜孔钻进中取得了较好的效果。     

Numerical analysis of the response of battered piles to inclined pullout loads

This paper presents a three‐dimensional finite element analysis of the response of battered piles to the combined lateral and vertical pullout loads. Analyses are carried out using an elastoplastic constitutive law based on the non‐associated Mohr–Coulomb criterion. The influence of the contact condition at the pile–soil interface is also investigated. Analyses show that the load's inclination with regard to the pile's axis affects both the lateral and axial response of the battered piles. Analyses also show that the pullout capacity of battered piles is affected by the pile's inclination regarding the vertical axis as well as the load's inclination regarding the pile's axis. The investigation of the influence of the contact condition at the soil–pile interface shows that the possibility of sliding at the soil–pile interface affects the response of battered piles subjected to loads with low inclination regarding the pile's axis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

成层土中倾斜荷载作用下桩承载力有限元分析

利用有限元方法对现场单桩水平载荷试验进行模拟,在此基础上,分析了成层土中桩在倾斜荷载作用下其竖向分量的有利作用和横向土抗力分布特点。计算结果表明,在地面下一定范围内,倾斜荷载作用下的桩侧摩阻力比水平荷载作用下的桩侧摩阻力大。在土层分界处土抗力分布有明显的跳跃。达到一定深度后,横向土抗力主要是静止土压力,而由荷载引起的横向土抗力很小。承台能有效减小土体及桩的水平位移。模拟的灌注桩和钢管桩桩顶在地面以上的自由长度较小,竖向分量由于桩身挠曲变形而产生的P-Δ效应较小,所以就算例中的灌注桩和钢管桩而言,荷载倾斜度不大时,荷载竖向分量提高了桩的侧阻并由此增大桩侧土竖向应力,对桩水平承载力总体上起到了有利的作用。     

急倾斜软硬互层巷道变形破坏机制及支护技术研究

针对急倾斜软硬互层巷道围岩大变形控制难题,采用现场试验、理论分析和数值仿真等多种手段,研究急倾斜巷道围岩变形破坏机制,研究结果表明：急倾斜软硬互层巷道的变形与破坏具有非对称性,偏压作用明显,呈现顶板下滑,底板臌起的相互错动变形特征,底臌严重且易片帮冒顶。巷道断面与岩层倾斜方向的钝角部位受侧向约束小,因而剪切滑移变形较大,是产生非对称变形破坏的关键部位;下帮围岩变形破坏较上帮更为严重。基于急倾斜巷道的变形破坏特点,提出在锚- 网-索耦合支护的基础上利用锚索、底角锚杆等对产生差异变形破坏的关键部位进行加强支护的方法,巷道大变形得到了有效控制。     

多分支井射孔程度和布设位置对倾斜泥质水合物储层开采产能的影响

南海天然气水合物（以下简称水合物）较多赋存于凹凸起伏的泥质地层中。针对实际倾斜水合物储层展开多分支井产能研究十分必要。以南海北部神狐海域X01站位实际地质参数和地形参数为依据,利用TOUGH+HYDRATE水合物产能预测软件和经过验证的建模新方法,建立了代表实际情况的倾斜泥质水合物储层模型,探讨了多分支井射孔程度对开采产能的影响,对比了位于储层不同构造位置（即构造低部位、倾斜部位和构造高部位）的多分支井的产能差异,确定了优势开采井型和最佳布井位置。结果表明,相比于仅水平分支射孔的多分支井,水平分支和垂直主井同时射孔的多分支井更利于水合物分解产气。但垂直主井的打开长度不宜过长,垂直主井与水平分支的打开长度比值介于0.5～1.0最利于提高气水产出比。泥质水合物储层的地层倾角影响多分支井的开采产能,将多分支井布设在储层构造低部位的水平位置更利于实现水合物长期高效开采。     

边坡物理模型倾斜加载方式的研究

模型试验是研究边坡失稳机制的重要技术手段,通过倾斜模型获得滑坡的变形破坏过程也是常用的试验方法。作为一种试验加载方法,倾斜加载方式的可控性、倾斜过程中应力场的相似性都是影响该方法应用的关键性问题。为了研究试验方法的可控性,以块状滑体为例,分析计算了模型倾斜和离心加载两种试验方法对滑块抗滑安全系数的影响过程,结果表明,倾斜加载方法可以随着倾斜角度的增加连续地降低滑块的抗滑安全系数,而离心加载方式仅在1g～10g范围内对滑块的抗滑安全系数产生显著影响。为了比较模型倾斜前后模型内部应力场的相似性,建立了物理模型的数值计算模型,模拟不同倾斜角条件下坡体内的应力场。计算结果表明,模型倾斜过程中,坡体中部应力状态保持稳定,倾斜角较大时,坡体的前缘滑带位置应力状态变化较大,前缘进入塑性变形的可能性增大,局部应力场变化有利于模拟水库型滑坡的破坏机制。为了验证倾斜模型模拟滑坡破坏过程的应用效果,以千将坪滑坡为原型,采用倾斜加载方式进行破坏模型试验,获得了滑坡的破坏过程。与非连续变形分析方法(DDA)模拟的结果相比,模型试验得到的破坏形态更接近实际滑坡。     

Facies model of a fine‐grained,tide‐dominated delta: Lower Dir Abu Lifa Member (Eocene), Western Desert,Egypt

Existing facies models of tide‐dominated deltas largely omit fine‐grained, mud‐rich successions. Sedimentary facies and sequence stratigraphic analysis of the exceptionally well‐preserved Late Eocene Dir Abu Lifa Member (Western Desert, Egypt) aims to bridge this gap. The succession was deposited in a structurally controlled, shallow, macrotidal embayment and deposition was supplemented by fluvial processes but lacked wave influence. The succession contains two stacked, progradational parasequence sets bounded by regionally extensive flooding surfaces. Within this succession two main genetic elements are identified: non‐channelized tidal bars and tidal channels. Non‐channelized tidal bars comprise coarsening‐upward sandbodies, including large, downcurrent‐dipping accretion surfaces, sometimes capped by palaeosols indicating emergence. Tidal channels are preserved as single‐storey and multilateral bodies filled by: (i) laterally migrating, elongate tidal bars (inclined heterolithic strata, 5 to 25 m thick); (ii) forward‐facing lobate bars (sigmoidal heterolithic strata, up to 10 m thick); (iii) side bars displaying oblique to vertical accretion (4 to 7 m thick); or (iv) vertically‐accreting mud (1 to 4 m thick). Palaeocurrent data show that channels were swept by bidirectional tidal currents and typically were mutually evasive. Along‐strike variability defines a similar large‐scale architecture in both parasequence sets: a deeply scoured channel belt characterized by widespread inclined heterolithic strata is eroded from the parasequence‐set top, and flanked by stacked, non‐channelized tidal bars and smaller channelized bodies. The tide‐dominated delta is characterized by: (i) the regressive stratigraphic context; (ii) net‐progradational stratigraphic architecture within the succession; (iii) the absence of upward deepening trends and tidal ravinement surfaces; and (iv) architectural relations that demonstrate contemporaneous tidal distributary channel infill and tidal bar accretion at the delta front. The detailed facies analysis of this fine‐grained, tide‐dominated deltaic succession expands the range of depositional models available for the evaluation of ancient tidal successions, which are currently biased towards transgressive, valley‐confined estuarine and coarser grained deltaic depositional systems.     

倾斜地球同步卫星的轨道演化分析

利用STK软件对倾斜地球同步卫星的轨道进行仿真,给出了主要轨道参数的演化曲线,经分析发现：倾斜地球同步卫星的轨道是比较稳定的,可以满足卫星寿命期内对轨道相对稳定的要求。