Least squares best-fit circles (with applications to Mohr''s diagram)

Procedures are outlined for the selection of a least squares best-fit circle to data points defined by rectangular Cartesian coordinates. Equations are derived to allow fitting of circles centered on the x-axis as well as off-axis Mohr circles. These procedures are applicable to the estimation of second-order tensors such as stress and strain by means of Mohr's diagram.     

关于野外观测和数据处理相联系的理论问题

现代野外观测和数据处理常常分开来研究，在理论的联系上它们应该是一个整体，而且应该把野外观测的高质量，作为正确实施数据处理的前提条件，在进行数据处理的时候，应该严谨对待其全过程的每一步骤。     

应用成煤构造理论 杨梅山矿找煤告捷

笔者应用历史－因果论的成煤构造理论，采用历史分析法和动力分析法相结合的方法，在构造复杂的杨梅山矿区找煤，使一对老矿山增了储量，延长了寿命，使一对已报废的矿井重见曙光。     

关于多旋回开合构造及区域成矿若干观点的认识

板块说与槽台说相结合是研究大陆演化和矿产形成的重要理论依据。开合构造、板块构造与槽台构造三者在形成机制上具有内在的联系。多旋口开合构造是指以多旋回开合观点研究的构造，它是研究开合过程中所有地质现象，包括开合序列、开合旋回等。开合构造的主要表现形式包括区域性断裂，地壳的扩张与挤压，地壳的水平运动与垂直运动，构造过渡与构造迁移。开合演化过程称为“多旋回四阶段开合递进律”。开合构造的主要特征具有多旋回性、方向性、不平衡性、迁移性、两重性、层次性和有限性等。开合构造和岩石圈演化的基本动力是地球内部热能运转的结果，导致地壳和岩石圈裂开和聚合运动，包括传送带式、手风琴式和雪撬式三种主要的不同运动方式。正是多旋回开合构造发展，导致了多旋回成矿作用。在研究矿床分类时，首先要以多源的成矿物质来源作为矿床分类的主要依据，同时，也需要注意结合诸如成矿作用、成矿构造环境、成矿理化条件以及含矿建造等因素，以多旋回开合构造一成矿的观点来研究成矿控制和成矿规律。     

遥感技术在吉林省地质灾害及其防治研究中的应用

总结和介绍发生在吉林省的地震、地裂缝、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地面沉降、水土流失、陨石雨、沙漠化、盐碱化、沼泽化及洪涝灾害的特点、分布状况及形成机制,探讨了防治与减灾对策。以航、卫片解译查明各地质灾害的影象特征及分布范围,表明遥感技术在地质灾害的调查和监测中,具有重要意义。     

Stochastic perturbation analysis of groundwater flow. Spatially variable soils,semi-infinite domains and large fluctuations

As is well known, a complete stochastic solution of the stochastic differential equation governing saturated groundwater flow leads to an infinite hierarchy of equations in terms of higher-order moments. Perturbation techniques are commonly used to close this hierarchy, using power-series expansions. These methods are applied by truncating the series after a finite number of terms, and products of random gradients of conductivity and head potential are neglected. Uncertainty regarding the number or terms required to yield a sufficiently accurate result is a significant drawback with the application of power series-based perturbation methods for such problems. Low-order series truncation may be incapable of representing fundamental characteristics of flow and can lead to physically unreasonable and inaccurate solutions of the stochastic flow equation. To support this argument, one-dimensional, steady-state, saturated groundwater flow is examined, for the case of a spatially distributed hydraulic conductivity field. An ordinary power-series perturbation method is used to approximate the mean head, using second-order statistics to characterize the conductivity field. Then an interactive perturbation approach is introduced, which yields improved results compared to low-order, power-series perturbation methods for situations where strong interactions exist between terms in such approximations. The interactive perturbation concept is further developed using Feynman-type diagrams and graph theory, which reduce the original stochastic flow problem to a closed set of equations for the mean and the covariance functions. Both theoretical and practical advantages of diagrammatic solutions are discussed; these include the study of bounded domains and large fluctuations.     

On seismic strengthening area before strong and great shocks and its mechanism

IntroductionI.thasbeenpayingattentiontotheanomalousphenomenonbyseismologiststhattheearthquakeactivityoftenstrengthensinacertainspaceandduringacertaintimearoundthesourceareabeforeastrongearthquake.Mogi(1969)pointedoutthataringdistributiveareaofthestrengthenedearthquakeactivityoftenappearsaroundthesourcearea10to20yearsbeforegreatshock,whichcalledaringphenomenon(or"doughnut").Afterthat,otherscholarsreportedinsuccessionthatringdistributionofearthquakeactivityoccurredbeforeastrongertquakeorevenbefo…     

金相分析中消除划痕的两种方法

介绍了两种在金相分析中采用模式识别技术,以距离聚类和角度类消除划痕的方法,使主体更加突出,分类评级更加准确,也降低了对试样的磨制要求。