矿床最佳工业指标的探讨

工业指标是矿床勘探、开发的依据,是矿床经济评价、矿山生产调节和取得最好经济效益的基本因素。因此,在地质勘探、矿山开发的各个阶段,最需选择最佳工业指标,以保证资源的合理开发利用。笔者通过湘西某矿山的各项技术经济指标的实施情况,按收支平衡法计算了金、锑、钨的最低工业品位,不但扩大了矿山保有储量,而且找出了生产管理上的弊病,从而保证了矿山最好的经济效益。     

利用图形属性数据计算煤层储量的方法

介绍了利用图形非空间属性、图形空间属性数据,结合数据库技术,分析了计算煤层储量的方法及其主要技术关键,为快速准确计算煤层储量提供了保障。     

Tide simulation using the mild-slope equation with Coriolis force and bottom friction

Since the mild-slope equation was derived by Berkhoff (1972),the researchers considered various mechanism to simplify and improve the equation,which has been widely used for coastal wave field calculation.Recently,some scholars applied the mild-slope equation in simulating the tidal motion,which proves that the equation is capable to calculate the tide in actual terrain.But in their studies,they made a lot of simplifications,and did not consider the effects of Coriolis force and bottom friction on tidal wave.In this paper,the first-order linear mild-slope equations are deduced from Kirby mild-slope equation including wave and current interaction.Then,referring to the method of wave equations’ modification,the Coriolis force and bottom friction term are considered,and the effects of which have been performed with the radial sand ridges topography.Finally,the results show that the modified mild-slope equation can be used to simulate tidal motion,and the calculations agree well with the measurements,thus the applicability and validity of the mild-slope equation on tidal simulation are further proved.     

构造附加静水压力及构造物理化学在地质研究中的应用

“构造附加静水压力”概念认为,地壳任一点静水压力部分是由重力所附加的静水压力和由构造作用力所附加的静水压力叠合而成的。构造叠加致使同一地壳深度的水平面上静水压力值不相等,这种压力梯度是流体及油气长距离水平运移的主要原因。建立岩石矿床形成深度的构造校正测算方法,得出胶东“玲珑－ 焦家式”金矿成矿深度仅３ ｋｍ 左右的数据,进而测得大别超高压变质带含柯石英榴辉岩形成深度仅≥３２ ｋｍ ,它们可能是壳内构造物理化学过程的产物; 逐步形成构造通过影响物理化学环境的方式影响成岩成矿地球化学过程, 即构造物理化学成矿的新认识, 探讨应用构造物理化学场结构分析与界面成矿的观点进行预测未知区隐伏矿床。     

Spacecraft Orbit Determination with The B-spline Approximation Method

It is known that the dynamical orbit determination is the most common way to get the precise orbits of spacecraft. However, it is hard to build up the precise dynamical model of spacecraft sometimes. In order to solve this problem, the technique of the orbit determination with the B-spline approximation method based on the theory of function approximation is presented in this article. In order to verify the effectiveness of this method, simulative orbit determinations in the cases of LEO (Low Earth Orbit), MEO (Medium Earth Orbit), and HEO (Highly Eccentric Orbit) satellites are performed, and it is shown that this method has a reliable accuracy and stable solution. The approach can be performed in both the conventional celestial coordinate system and the conventional terrestrial coordinate system. The spacecraft's position and velocity can be calculated directly with the B-spline approximation method, it needs not to integrate the dynamical equations, nor to calculate the state transfer matrix, thus the burden of calculations in the orbit determination is reduced substantially relative to the dynamical orbit determination method. The technique not only has a certain theoretical significance, but also can serve as a conventional algorithm in the spacecraft orbit determination.     

Computation and analysis of the geomagnetic field model in China and its adjacent area for 2003

Based on the geomagnetic data at 135 stations and 35 observatories in China in 2003, the Taylor polynomial model and the spherical cap harmonic model in China and its adjacent area for 2003 were established. In the model calculation, the truncation order of the model and the influences of the boundary restriction on the model calculation were carefully analyzed. The results show that the geomagnetic data used are precise and reliable, and the selection of the truncation order is reasonable. The Taylor polynomial model and the spherical cap harmonic model in China and its adjacent area established in this paper are consistent very well.     

广西客兰水库渗漏原因分析与大坝渗流评价

本文分析了客兰水库库区、坝体、输水涵管、坝基、溢洪道、输水隧洞等工程部位渗漏情况和原因,并对坝体进行了有限元渗流计算与分析。     

地震作用下无衬砌黄土隧道围岩结构安全系数的计算探讨

为了得到无衬砌黄土隧道围岩结构在地震作用下的安全系数,借助有限元软件ANSYS,首先采用水平地震作用下的动力分析模型进行模态分析,得到质量阻尼系数和刚度阻尼系数;其次,输入地震波进行动力时程分析,得到模型顶点的最大水平位移;最后,采用静力分析模型,并考虑自重和左右边界上顶点水平位移最大时的侧向边界节点水平位移,通过不断折减围岩土体的抗剪强度参数,即黏聚力c和内摩擦角?,直到计算不收敛为止,从而得到无衬砌黄土隧道在地震作用下的安全系数。数值算例表明：所采用的方法是可行的,地震作用会使得围岩结构的安全系数降低,从而为以后黄土隧道围岩结构在地震作用下安全系数的计算及其工程应用提供了理论依据。     

地下室抗浮设防水位标高取值的讨论以及抗浮措施

地下水勘察是岩土工程勘察的一项重要任务。近年来,带有深基坑的高层建筑和地下广场式建筑大量兴建,一旦地下水可能高于地下室基础底板时,必须提供合理的抗浮设计水位,并对地下室抗浮有关问题提出建议。因此,抗浮水位的合理确定问题,它直接涉及到工程的安全性和成本问题,而实际中抗浮水位情况是比较复杂的,抗浮水位的标高取值尤其对一些水位变化大的地方,一直纠结于业内人士。抗浮水位取高了则造成浪费,估算低了则容易出事故,危险性很大。本文结合了不同的地貌地质和水文地质等条件探讨并总结了如何合理的确定地下室的抗浮水位以及相应抗浮措施,运用工程实例区别于传统的“拉压抗浮”设计方法,倡导节能绿色技术以“疏”代“抗”的疏水降压方法及时的降低地下水位,满足地下室抗浮要求。为相应的勘察与设计、施工单位确定抗浮水位或抗浮措施提供参考依据。     

基流计算方法的进展与应用

基流是由地下水补给河流的基本径流,被视为具有维持生态系统稳定功能的河道基本径流,其水量的准确计算在河流断流、湖泊萎缩和植被退化等一系列生态环境问题的研究中具有重要意义。本文阐述了基流的定义与研究意义,归纳评价了基流计算方法的类型、适用范围和优先发展方向。其中计算方法可分为图解法、数值模拟法、水文模型法、物理化学法及数学物理法等五类方法。在此基础上,还着重总结了基流研究在模型校验、水资源利用、生态需水量、河流输沙量和河流自净力等方面的应用。该研究将在如何合理估算基流量及相关领域中具有重要的参考价值。