Estimation of seawater retreat timescales in homogeneous and confined coastal aquifers based on dimensional analysis

Reliable estimation of the timescales of seawater retreat (SWR) in coastal aquifers has significant implications for sustainable groundwater management in coastal areas. Due to the complexity of coastal dynamics, analytical estimates of SWR timescales are limited in number, and numerical models are mainly utilized. Although numerical models allow for accurate analysis of the coastal systems, they concern particular aquifer cases, thus their results are not generally applicable. Here, we perform a dimensional analysis for the depth-integrated freshwater/seawater continuity equations and identify the dimensionless parameters that affect SWR in confined, homogeneous and flux-controlled aquifers. Based on numerical simulations, we gain insight into how these parameters affect SWR, and produce type curves which can be used as a simple tool for estimating SWR timescales in idealized coastal systems, independent of the hydraulic and geometric characteristics of the aquifer. The reliability of our estimates in real-world applications is also discussed.     

Stability issues of the continuous welded rail track on the concrete sleepers on the curves with radius R ≤ 300 m

This paper describes the economic and technological benefits of installing continuous welded rail(CWR) track on sharp(radius ≤ 300 m) railway curves. A new form of prestressed concrete sleepers developed by the V. Lazaryan Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport is shown to improve the lateral shift resistance of CWR track in sharp curves and the use of anchor sleepers on tangents is shown to make it possible to lower the fastening temperature of the CWR track in order to increase the rail lifespan.     

Measures of 104 faint common motion pairs of LUYTEN'S NLTT catalogue on prints of the Palomar Sky Survey

For 104 faint common motion pairs of the New Luyten Catalogue of stars with proper motions larger than two tenth of an arcsec (NLTT) position angles and separations have been measured on prints of the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey. For each pair a finding chart is given.     

Results from Kodaikanal synoptic observations

The synoptic observations of Kodaikanal form one of the longest unbroken solar data from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day, and consists of the white light and monochromatic images of the sun. In this review, I shall discuss the results of the investigations in two areas using these data: (i) Tilt angles of the magnetic axes of bipolar spot groups, and (ii) structure and dynamics of large scale unipolar magnetic regions on the solar surface. The observed properties and patterns of behaviour of the tilt angles can be used as effective diagnostics to infer the physical conditions in the subsurface layers of the sun, and thus get an insight into the physical effects that act on the rising magnetic flux tubes during their journey through the convection zone to the surface. The second topic of discussion here, namely, the studies of the dynamics of unipolar regions over several solar cycles, show that the global solar activity has a high latitude component which manifests in the form of polar faculae, in addition to the well known sunspot activity at the middle and low latitudes. This raises the question about the origin of this high latitude component.     

利用GPS掩星资料反演地球中性大气参数折射角方法研究

对利用GPS掩星资料反演地球中性大气参数的原理作了简要介绍，在此基础上对消除电离层影响的改正方法、Abel反演积分上限的确定、上边界测量折射角的优化方法进行了探讨。针对UCAR的Level2数据，在数据预处理工作的基础上，利用特定掩星事件的数据进行了反演计算，并对计算结果进行了分析。     

黄海中央断裂带的地球物理证据及其与边缘海演化的关系

根据黄海及周边地区的布格重力资料，通过解析延拓、目标场提取、任意水平方向 导数计算、离散小波变换等处理，得到各种有关断裂的信息.经过与地震层析成像结果和地 质资料的综合分析，认为黄海中央断裂带是一组“X”型交叉断裂而不仅仅是一条NW向延 伸的断裂，并提出了有关的地球物理证据.经分析认为：黄海中央断裂带的存在是造成黄海 东西两侧在地球物理场面貌、断裂分布特点与规模上有较大差异的原因之一.由于该断裂带 的存在，致使郯庐断裂带的右旋活动所产生的应力对黄海东西两侧的影响不一致，因而产生 了黄海西部重力异常等值线凌乱、密集、断裂密布但规模相对东部较小的现象.认为黄海中 央断裂带受扬子块体向中朝块体嵌入过程的影响，形成一组近SN向为锐角的“X”断裂带 ，但该断裂带具有明显多期活动的迹象，不仅与特提斯体制下块体碰撞、俯冲作用有关，也 与后期太平洋板块向欧亚板块的聚敛、俯冲作用有关.     

Determination of the cleat angle distribution of the RECOPOL coal seams, using CT-scans and image analysis on drilling cuttings and coal blocks

Cleat orientation, cleat frequency and cleat angle distribution of deep coal seams are only available by the use of drilling cores and from coal mine samples. Coal drilling cuttings are a cheap and fast alternative to measure cleat angle distributions with the use of image analysis techniques. In this study oriented coal samples and drilling cuttings of the RECOPOL field experiment are compared and used to explain and validate the proposed method. In other words, cleat angle distributions from drilling cuttings are measured by image analysis. The geological framework of the polish coals is described. The image analysis methodologies for the measurement of fracture faces of cuttings and from CT-scan images, derived from these coals, are explained. The results of the methods on the cuttings are compared with cleat orientation distributions from CT-scans and artificial fragments from coal blocks of the same seams. These evaluations show high agreements between the methods. The cleat angle distributions of drilling cuttings of four seams are compared with the cleat orientation distributions of a regional structural geological study. The high correlation in this study shows that cleat angle distributions of coal seams can be used as input parameters for reservoir modelling.     

Impact of incident angles of P waves on the dynamic responses of long lined tunnels

The impact of the incident angle of earthquake motion on the seismic response of the long lined tunnels is studied. Based on the time‐domain finite element method with the viscous‐spring artificial boundary condition, the earthquake motion of oblique incidence is transformed into the equivalent nodal forces acting on the truncated boundary of finite element model. In the present work, the formulas of equivalent nodal forces for the plane P wave with arbitrary incident angle are deduced and implemented into the commercial software abaqus   1 . The effectiveness of the formulas and its implementation are demonstrated by two numerical examples with the reference solutions. The proposed method is applied to investigate the seismic responses of the long lined tunnels under the obliquely incident P waves. The numerical results indicate that the seismic responses of the long lined tunnels are highly affected by the incident angles of P waves. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于波场传播方向的波动方程偏移有效去噪方法(英文)

本文研究分析了双程波波动方程偏移成像中广泛存在的三种主要噪声,特别是针对过去研究中没能很好解决的存在于高速盐丘悬垂边界附近的射线状噪声,提出了基于优化成像条件的有效去噪方法。射线状噪声主要来自于震源一侧波场的下行透射波分量和接收阵列一侧波场的上行散射波互相关成像。这一部分能量具有较强的互相关性,但并不携带真实的反射面信息。它广泛存在叠前偏移成像中,与信号在强度上同量级。多数情况下偏移成像中的相关噪声由方向性传播的波场能量产生。利用波场梯度得到的波场传播角度,可以分离出噪声对应的波场能量,并在成像条件中减去。采用这一方法可以有效地去除多种噪声,包括直达波噪声、散射波噪声和射线状噪声。该去噪方法不依赖波场外推算子,在需要时可以方便地运用到几乎所有的波动方程偏移中去。并且该去噪方法针对噪声的物理根源,对信号的损害很小。对去噪后的偏移成像结果额外地进行波数域滤波处理,可以进一步提高叠加图像的质量。这一去噪方法在超广角单程波偏移成像中取得良好效果,我们同时期待其在其他双程波波动方程偏移特别是逆时偏移(RTM)中的成功运用。     

不同倾角组合煤岩体的强度与破坏机制研究

对4种不同倾角组合煤岩体进行了试验和数值模拟研究,获得了单轴和三轴压缩条件下组合煤岩体的宏观破坏机制,并分析了煤岩组合体中煤、岩不同倾角交界面对煤岩组合体整体变形破坏的影响。研究表明,单轴荷载条件下煤岩组合体的破坏强度随着组合倾角的增加而出现先微小减小,而后迅速减小;同种倾角条件下,煤岩组合体的破坏强度随着围压的升高而逐渐升高,并且煤岩组合体的倾角越小,破坏强度升高的速率越慢,而倾角越大,升高的速率越快,可见围压对于大倾角裂隙的抑制作用更明显。通过三轴试验获得了煤岩组合体整体结构的黏聚力和内摩擦角,其中组合体黏聚力随着倾角的增加而逐渐减小,但内摩擦角变化规律不明显。通过扩展有限元对试验结果进行了模拟验证,发现随着倾角由0°增加到60°,外力功、屈服应力和弹性应变能都在下降,当倾角超过45°～50°后,外力功和屈服应力将与弹性应变能出现背离,这是煤岩组合体的变形破坏机制由剪切变形机制逐渐转化为界面滑移破坏机制重要标志。