浅议我国的湿地宣教

湿地宣教是发挥湿地的社会效益,更好地保护湿地的内在需求。本文从阐释湿地宣教的溉念入手,概括了湿地宣教的内涵与意义,在分析我国湿地宣教的实施主体、受众分布、宣教形式及宣教投入的基础上,认为我国湿地宣教还存在宣教体系残缺、能力不足、投入不足、社会参与度低等问题。结合国内外湿地宣教理念在指导思想、具体实施方法上提出了建议。     

Building Capacity for Environmental Management: local knowledge and rehabilitation on the Gippsland Red Gum Plains

Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) continues to attract interest as a way of achieving social and environmental outcomes at the local and regional scale. Central to the success of CBNRM is the importance of capacity building and participatory approaches to research and management. This paper discusses an initiative in East Gippsland which involved a facilitated process to assist local residents build their capacity to manage their landscape. Through conducting a community survey, the project facilitated landholders to voice, develop and refine their understanding of remnant vegetation management, dieback and revegetation on private land. In doing so, landholders have improved not only their understanding of the issues but also their ability to act upon them. The empirical findings of the study highlight two issues of relevance to dieback on the East Gippsland Red Gum Plains. First, there is a perception that dieback has remained stable for at least 10 years. Second, scattered trees and small patches of trees are more vulnerable to dieback than clumped trees in larger patch sizes, as well as roadside vegetation. The research demonstrates the value of a community-based approach to NRM in terms of harnessing local knowledge, fostering human and social capital and engaging with interested landholders.     

基于CAN总线的智能楼宇现场网络系统的设计

在分析楼宇的智能化底层的需求与数据流特征的基础上,介绍了以现场总线CAN为基层通信网络的总体方案和各类组网节点的设计,重点介绍了系统的不同类型报文结构和应用层的通信协议,在网络的安全管理方面采取了特殊措施。该方案可供门禁、报警、巡更和停车场等物业管理方面的底层网络设计中参考和应用。     

Mountain belt growth inferred from histories of past plate convergence: A new tectonic inverse problem

Past plate motions display a range of variability, including speedups and slowdowns that cannot easily be attributed to changes in mantle related driving forces. One key controlling factor for these variations is the surface topography at convergent margins, as previous modeling shows that the topographic load of large mountain belts consumes a significant amount of the driving forces available for plate tectonics by increasing frictional forces between downgoing and overriding plates. Here we use this insight to pose a new tectonic inverse problem and to infer the growth of mountain belts from a record of past plate convergence. We introduce the automatic differentiation method, which is a technique to produce derivative code free of truncation error by source transformation of the forward model. We apply the method to a publicly available global tectonic thin-shell model and generate a simple derivative code to relate Nazca/South America plate convergence to gross topography of the Andes mountain belt. We test the code in a search algorithm to infer an optimal paleotopography of the Andes 3.2 m.y. ago from the well-known history of Nazca/South America plate convergence. Our modeling results are in excellent agreement with published estimates of Andean paleotopography and support the notion of strong feedback between mountain belt growth and plate convergence.     

Shaking table model test on Shanghai World Financial Center Tower

The height of 101‐storey Shanghai World Financial Center Tower is 492m above ground making it possible the tallest building in the world when completed. Three parallel structural systems including mega‐frame structure, reinforced concrete and braced steel services core and outrigger trusses, are combined to resist vertical and lateral loads. The building could be classified as a vertically irregular structure due to a number of stiffened and transfer stories in the building. Complexities related to structural system layout are mainly exhibited in the design of services core, mega‐diagonals and outrigger trusses. According to Chinese Code, the height 190 m of the building clearly exceeds the stipulated maximum height of for a composite frame/reinforced concrete core building. The aspect ratio of height to width also exceeds the stipulated limit of 7 for seismic design intensity 7. A 1/50 scaled model is made and tested on shaking table under a series of one and two‐dimensional base excitations with gradually increasing acceleration amplitudes. This paper presents the dynamic characteristics, the seismic responses and the failure mechanism of the structure. The test results demonstrate that the structural system is a good solution to withstand earthquakes. The inter‐storey drift and the overall behaviour meet the requirements of Chinese Design Code. Furthermore, weak positions under seldom‐occurred earthquakes of seismic design intensity 8 are found based on the visible damages on the testing model, and some corresponding suggestions are proposed for the engineering design of the structure under extremely strong earthquake. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Laboratory tests of steel simple torsionally unbalanced models

The objective of this work is to obtain estimations of the amplification factors α and δ used for torsion design of buildings, from experiments. For this study, simple one‐storey torsionally unbalanced (TU) steel models were considered. Models consisted of a deck supported on four columns with a selected arrangement of hinges at column ends. Two theoretical structural eccentricities (e = 0.05 and 0.15) were considered. Models were excited with a simple long‐period pendulum consisting of a hanging platform with a forced‐vibration generator on it. Eight models were tested at several excitation levels (frequencies and force magnitudes) in both ranges of behaviour: elastic and inelastic. Experiments were conducted at three frequency ratios of excitation. Registered accelerations of the pendulum platform indicate that the experimental set‐up leads to excitations that resemble narrow‐band seismic ground motions. Frame shear force estimations, based on accelerations recorded at both deck sides, indicate that torsion design factors (α and δ) depend on eccentricity. Estimations of frame shears based on measurements indicate that for normalized eccentricities e ? 0.025, the amplification α can be between 2 and 3; while δ factor resulted between 0.0 and 1.6. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南京河西地区地面沉降成因分析

为了查明南京河西地区地面沉降的成因,笔者等在系统研究水文地质与工程地质条件的基础上,研究了地面沉降的分布特征和发展规律,以及地面沉降与地下水位、软土分布及建筑荷载之间的关系,进而揭示了南京河西地区地面沉降的成因。研究结果表明：南京河西地区不开采地下水,地面沉降与软土层厚度和建筑荷载分布关系密切,地面沉降主要受建筑工程影响,即建筑荷载和深基坑降水的作用。     

隐伏岩溶条件下的上部结构-基础-地基共同作用数值模拟分析

基于龙岗区某超高层大夏,建立岩溶地基-基础-上部结构共同作用的有限元计算模型,模拟分析溶洞的应力、应变、位移及桩基础受力性能,并将分析结果与传统设计方法（上部结构与地基基础分离成两部分计算）进行对比分析,指出岩溶地基条件下传统设计方法的局限性。其研究结果表明:对于岩溶地基而言,共同作用对柱产生的次应力较小,但个别角柱次应力较大;剪力墙的次应力较大,且其布置方式对共同作用有较大影响,此应力随楼层的增加衰减很快;针对岩溶地基,筏板基础是比较适合的基础形式,在共同作用中起很大作用。      

基于BIM的协同化设计研究

近年来,采用BIM技术的建筑设计单位数量快速增长,整体的设计质量有所提高。如何在利用BIM技术提高设计质量的同时,提升设计效率已成为一个亟待解决的关键问题。本文首先阐述了基于BIM的协同化设计的概念和意义,指出必须实现从二维协同设计到三维协同设计的转变才能真正实现BIM设计,进而提出了一套适用于BIM设计的协同化设计方法及流程,包括企业级BIM协同设计手册的编制;BIM项目执行计划的制定;组建工作团队;工作分解;建立协同工作平台以及BIM项目实施。同时,探讨了实施过程中存在的障碍及解决办法,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

基于全景影像景深图的探面及跳转

基于全景影像的街景立面管理中,需要跳转至距离目标面最近且尽量正对目标面的全景影像,但常规的全景影像跳转方法并不能满足这一需求,为解决该难题,本文提出了一种新的全景影像探面及跳转方法。基于全景影像的景深图,计算目标点的世界坐标及该点与邻近点组成面片的平均法向,实现全景影像中的探面;从目标点出发,沿平均法向搜索出视点中心与该射线垂直距离最近的全景影像;切换至目标影像,并根据目标点在目标影像中的方位进行视角旋转。在重庆市实际项目中的成功应用及实例分析结果均表明,本文方法能够满足立面管控需求,更好地切换至正对目标立面的邻近全景影像,应用效果较常规跳转方法有较大提升。