结合SOM神经网络和混合像元分解的高光谱影像分类方法研究

本文对SOM神经网络算法进行改进,在标类的过程中采用3个策略加以控制,对初始产生的自组织映射图进行调整。通过改进,那些映射到可靠神经元的像素得到了很好的分类,而那些映射到不可靠神经元的像素都被作为不可分像元而提取出来。继而,从混合像元分解的角度来对这些不可分像元进行处理,按类型分解的思想确定混合像元的类别,实现对不可分像元的分类。将SOM神经网络和混合像元分解相结合的分类方法应用于高光谱图像的分类中,通过实验表明了该方法能较好地改善分类效果,提高分类精度。     

基于倒置声学基阵的INSUSBL组合导航算法研究

文中关注水下潜航器导航定位时,电磁波传播途径中能量衰减、惯导系统长航时积累误差以及提高水下潜航器定位精度等问题。基于倒置的超短基线声学基阵,分析声波往返传播时间(RTT)、平面波近似方法和USBL导航解算方法及其坐标转换过程,结合INS误差方程,建立INS/USBL松组合模型。为进一步提高系统精度、动态性能和抗干扰性,考察USBL的原始斜距、斜距差以及声学基阵的空间分布信息,提出基于USBL原始输出信息的INS/USBL紧耦合组合导航方法。通过MATLAB仿真对导航算法进行验证,结果表明两种算法能充分抑制纯惯导误差随时间积累问题,且有效地估计出姿态、速度和位置误差角;其中紧耦合方法状态估计误差最小,导航参数精度相对松组合提高30%以上,对于提高水下载体导航定位精度、海洋探测具有重大意义。     

Wave Interactions with Multiple Semi-Immersed Jarlan-Type Perforated Breakwaters

This study examines wave interactions with multiple semi-immersed Jarlan-type perforated breakwaters. A numerical model based on linear wave theory and an eigenfunction expansion method has been developed to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of breakwaters. The numerical results show a good agreement with previous analytical results and experimental data for limiting cases of double partially immersed impermeable walls and double and triple Jarlan-type breakwaters. The wave transmission coefficient C_T; reflection coefficient C_R, and energy dissipation coefficient C_E coefficients and the horizontal wave force exerted on the front and rear walls are examined. The results show that C_R reaches the maximum value when B/L = 0.46n while it is smallest when B/L=0.46n+0.24 (n=0, 1, 2,...). An economical triple semi-immersed Jarlan-type perforated breakwater can be designed with B/L = 0.25 and C_R and C_T ranging from 0.25 to 0.32 by choosing a relative draft d/h of 0.35 and a permeability parameter of the perforated front walls being 0.5 for an incident wave number kh nearly equal to 2.0. The triple semi-immersed Jarlan-type perforated breakwaters with significantly reduced C_R, will enhance the structure’s wave absorption ability, and lead to smaller wave forces compared with the double one. The proposed model may be used to predict the response of a structure in the preliminary design stage for practical engineering.     

基于资源一号02D卫星高光谱数据的甘肃头吊泉-南大滩地区蚀变矿物填图及金矿化带识别

高光谱遥感能够根据光谱指纹特征提取蚀变矿物,在地质领域应用成效十分显著.针对最新的资源一号02D卫星高光谱数据特点,首先进行了高光谱数据预处理,选取蚀变矿物光谱特征显著波段进行数据降维,并应用三次样条插值函数对短波红外数据进行光谱波段增值,将光谱采样间隔提高到了2 nm.在优选出矿物填图端元光谱后,应用改进的SAM填图...     

一种地方与区域地震震源机制反演技术:广义极性振幅技术(二)——对实际震例的应用

为了检验广义极性振幅技术(GPAT)的实用性,我们利用GPAT反演确定了49次实际地震的震源机制、矩震级和震源深度.为了检验GPAT对地方地震、区域地震以及远震的实用性,我们选用了震级范围约为ML0.2~MS7.0之间的地震与震中距范围约在5~8000km之间的观测资料.对反演结果的分析表明,利用GPAT获取的震源机制结果在合理误差范围内是正确的,利用GPAT获取的矩震级结果是可靠的,而利用GPAT获取的震源深度总体上似乎比常规定位深度深约0.6km.总体而言,GPAT在震源机制、矩震级和震源深度的反演方面表现出良好的实用性.     

2015年4月25日尼泊尔MW7.9地震的震源机制

<正>据中国地震台网测定,北京时间2015年4月25日14时11分尼泊尔发生MW7.9(MS8.1)强烈地震,震中位置为(28.2°N、84.7°E),震源深度为20km.这次地震位于尼泊尔首都西北部,距加德满都大约80km.截至2015年5月13日,该地震已造成8 219人死亡,17 866人受伤,尼泊尔、印度、孟加拉、不丹和我国西藏等地均有人员伤亡.为增进对尼泊尔MW7.9发震机制的认识,并对震害评估、震后趋势判定     

玉米叶面积指数的CHRIS/PROBA数据反演分析

叶面积指数(LAI)是衡量植被生态状况和估算作物产量的一个重要指标。LAI的反演是定量遥感研究的重要内容。传统的经验统计反演方法基于单一观测角度的遥感数据进行,忽略了地物反射率的方向性。若在反演中加入多观测角度的信息,则有可能提升LAI反演的精度。以2008年甘肃省张掖市玉米实验区为研究区,利用欧空局的CHRIS/PROBA多角度高光谱数据对比分析了传统植被指数NDVI、RVI、EVI的变化规律及其反演玉米叶面积指数LAI的精度,并根据NDVI随观测角度的变化规律,构造出新型多角度归一化植被指数MNDVI,分别对实测叶面积指数进行线性回归并利用实测数据对估算LAI进行精度验证,结果表明：新型MNDVI指数相比于传统NDVI、RVI、EVI对LAI的反演精度有了显著提升,估算模型决定系数R²达到0.716,精度验证均方根误差为0.127,平均减小了33.3%。     

Sensitivity of the surface temperature to changes in total solar irradiance calculated with the WRF model

The temperature sensitivity of the WRF model to changes in Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). The simulations were performed for a region centered over the North Atlantic Ocean, including portions of Eastern North America, Western Europe and Northwest Africa. Four simulations were run with different TSI values. Also, a fifth simulation was performed in which we varied the initial atmospheric conditions, in order to compare the effect on the temperature of both, changes in the TSI and initial atmospheric conditions. Comparing temperature monthly averages we found that changes in TSI and in the initial conditions have a measurable impact on temperature in the region of study. The sensitivity of the model using non-dimensional parameters was also estimated. The numerical experiments show some features that might allow to distinguish between the effects on the temperature due to changes in TSI from those caused by initial conditions. However, TSI changes are of the same order of magnitude than those of disturbances in the initial conditions. We also found that the mean monthly values of temperature over the full grid, did not present significant variations due to changes of either initial conditions or TSI.     

Innovative substructuring technique for hybrid simulation of multistory buildings through collapse

Hybrid simulation combines numerical and experimental methods for cost‐effective, large‐scale testing of structures under simulated dynamic earthquake loads. Particularly for experimental seismic collapse simulation of structures, hybrid testing can be an attractive alternative to earthquake simulators due to the limited capacity of most facilities and the difficulties and risks associated with a collapsing structure on a shaking table. The benefits of hybrid simulation through collapse can be further enhanced through accurate and practical substructuring techniques that do not require testing the entire structure. An innovative substructuring technique for hybrid simulation of structures subjected to large deformations is proposed to simplify the boundary conditions by overlapping the domains between the numerical and experimental subassemblies. The advantages of this substructuring technique are the following: it requires only critical components of the structure to be tested experimentally; it reduces the number of actuators at the interface of the experimental subassemblies; and it can be implemented using typically available equipment in laboratories. Compared with previous overlapping methods that have been applied in hybrid simulation, this approach requires additional sensing in the hybrid simulation feedback loop to obtain internal member forces, but provides significantly better accuracy in the highly nonlinear range. The proposed substructuring technique is verified numerically and validated experimentally, using the response of a four‐story moment‐resisting frame that was previously tested to collapse on an earthquake simulator. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于PSInSAR技术的长白山天池火山形变监测

将PSInSAR技术引入长白山天池火山的形变监测,获取了1992—1998年和2007—2010年2个时段的火山形变信息。结果显示:天池火山在这2个时段内整体抬升,1992—1998年火山较为活跃,雷达视线向平均形变速率为6mm/a,2007—2010年火山活动趋于平缓,雷达视线向平均形变速率为3mm/a;结合水准和GPS数据分析,发现火山口区域地表抬升明显,远离火山口处较为稳定。文中PSInSAR结果与水准数据能较好地吻合,且在空间上有较大覆盖范围,能更直观地反映火山地表的形变特征。