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981.
The aim of this study is to find an optimal design for a distributed hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for a residential house in the UK. The hybrid system, which consists of wind turbines, PV arrays, a biodiesel generator, batteries and converters, is designed to meet the known dynamic electrical load of the house and make use of renewable energy resources available locally. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) software is used for this study. Different combinations of wind turbines, PV arrays, a biodiesel generator and batteries are evaluated and compared using the NPC (Net Present Cost) method to find the optimal solutions. The HRES is modeled, simulated and optimized using HOMER. The results showed that the wind-biodiesel engine-battery system was the best with the lowest NPC (USD 60254) and the lowest COE (Cost of Energy, USD 0.548/kWh) while the second best system added PV arrays. This study gives evidence of the key contribution wind turbines make to HRES due to abundant wind resources in the UK, especially in Wales. 相似文献
982.
983.
Xin Shan Xuefa Shi Peter D. Clift Shuqing Qiao Lina Jin Jianxing Liu Xisheng Fang Taoyu Xu Shunli Li Selvaraj Kandasamy Mengwei Zhao Ying Zhu Hui Zhang Dan Zhang Huawei Wang Yalong Li Zhengquan Yao Sai Wang Jun Xu 《Sedimentology》2019,66(5):1861-1895
The East China Sea Shelf has an unusually wide and low gradient shelf, supplied from sediment‐charged rivers and large river delta systems, with bottom currents sweeping the sea floor and located in the path of strong typhoons. Sediment gravity flow deposits, including four hybrid event beds and a high density turbidite, are identified in a core from the mid‐shelf of the East China Sea. The hybrid event beds typically comprise three or two internal divisions from the base to the top: (i) H1, H3 and H5; or (ii) H3 and H5. Radiocarbon ages of the hybrid event beds were in the range of 3821 to 8526 yr bp . Based on correlation with surrounding cores, the hybrid events may have happened at any time between 1930 yr bp and 3890 yr bp . The δ13C values in hybrid event beds together with bathymetry data suggest local erosion on the shelf. The average δ13C value for the H1 division is similar to the H3 division in the hybrid event beds, implying that the organic matter in the H1 and H3 divisions may come from the same source area. Cross‐plots of upper continental crust normalized rare earth elements in the five units reveal that the sediment source of the four hybrid event beds and the turbidite was ultimately primarily from Korean rivers. Partial transformation from a moderate‐strength debris flow with the additional role of erosional bulking can explain occurrences of hybrid event beds on the East China Sea Shelf. The data indicate that hybrid sediment gravity flow deposits were sourced from intra‐shelf failures and subsequently transformed and deposited as hybrid event beds. The study shows that hybrid sediment gravity flows and turbidity currents may not necessarily indicate proximity to a major fluvial or deltaic system and that intra‐shelf sedimentation can be a sediment source. It is unlikely that the debris flows and turbidity currents were triggered by a hyperpycnal flow or tsunami, because both can carry continental and/or coastal signals which have not been recognized in the core. Typhoons are the probable triggering mechanism. 相似文献
984.
Sandy sedimentary rocks rich in detrital matrix (>10% silt/clay) have long been recognized in the ancient sedimentary record, and nowhere more commonly than in deep‐marine turbidite systems. Despite this, their depositional mechanisms remain poorly understood, in part because these rocks, which are enriched in fine‐grained sediment, are often poorly exposed in outcrop or are confined to observation in core. Matrix‐rich strata in the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, in contrast, are very well‐exposed and show systematic changes in lithofacies over distances of several tens to a few hundreds of metres along‐strike. Notably, these strata are observed in both basin floor and continental slope deposits, suggesting that their occurrence and systematic lithological arrangement is related to mechanistic, rather than palaeogeographic, controls. Specifically, the facies transect consists of structureless, clayey sandstone that transforms along‐strike to a two‐layer deposit with the development of an upper, planar‐based, markedly more matrix‐rich layer. Further along‐strike, the basal clayey sandstone thins and eventually pinches out, leaving only the (upper) sandy claystone layer, which in turn thins along‐strike and then pinches out. These systematic changes in lithology, but more specifically the distribution of clay, is interpreted to form a depositional continuum related to particle settling in a horizontally advecting, high concentration particle suspension formed along the margins of an avulsion‐related high‐energy turbulent suspension. 相似文献
985.
长江是我国最大的内陆航运交通要道,三峡大坝建成后,三峡库区长约360 km的河道水位大幅抬升,原航道两岸港口码头均被淹没。在三峡库区现状岸线环境及水库水位动态调蓄条件下,开发拓展新的岸线港口码头的适宜建设区域,具有重要实际意义。基于混合评价单元,选取了地形地貌、区域稳定性、工程地质条件、交通区位条件和生态敏感性5大类因素共14个评价因子,采用改进的综合指数评价模型,对三峡库区宜昌至万州段干流岸线港口建设场地进行了适宜性评价研究。评价结果显示: (1)适宜区占13.81%,较适宜区占25.80%,较不适宜区占31.38%,不适宜区占29.01%; (2)北岸适宜区主要分布在夷陵区乐天溪镇和太平溪镇,云阳县双江镇和万州城区上、下游一带; 南岸适宜区主要分布在秭归县茅坪镇,奉节县城南岸和万州城区南岸上、下游一带。研究评价结果对今后长江宜昌至万州段干流岸线港口资源开发选址具有一定的科技指导意义。 相似文献
986.
987.
紫扇贝和海湾扇贝杂交家系的生长和通径分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以紫扇贝(Argopecten purpuratus)和海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians irradians)为亲本,建立了紫扇贝自交(ZZ)、海湾扇贝自交(HH)、紫扇贝(卵)×海湾扇贝(精)(ZH)和海湾扇贝(卵)×紫扇贝(精)(HZ)共4个试验家系.在养殖60、127 d时测定壳高、壳长、壳厚和体质量,并分析各养殖时期影响体质量的主要因素.结果表明:在各养殖时期,2杂交家系子代的壳高、壳厚以及体质量均表现出生长优势(P<0.01),因此认为通过紫扇贝和海湾扇贝杂交方式是改善扇贝的良好方法.通径分析的结果表明,对于自交家系,壳长是影响体质量的主要影响因素,但对于杂交家系HZ来说,壳长(60 d)和壳厚(127 d)对体质量的决定作用最大;在杂交家系ZH,60 d时壳长和壳厚的协同作用对体质量的决定作用最大,127d时壳高的决定作用最大.因此对于两个杂交家系的选育,应按照不同性状对体质量的决定系数选择各时期的优势性状,以使子代的杂种优势充分表现. 相似文献
988.
主要介绍ABB机器人自动磨抛系统控制原理,及其在水暖卫浴产品中的应用分析,同时介绍其硬件配置和软件设计。采用ABB第五代机器人控制器IRC5,给出基于DeviceNet总线的硬件设计过程。实现ABB机器人及自身快速、柔性配合,极大的提高生产效率。 相似文献
989.
990.
A set of algorithms combined with a substructure technique is proposed for an online hybrid test framework, in which the substructures are encapsulated by a standard interface that implements displacements and forces at the common substructure boundaries. A coordinator equipped with the proposed algorithms is designed to achieve boundary compatibility and equilibrium, thereby endowing the substructures the ability to behave as one piece. A model‐based predictor and corrector, and a noniterative procedure, characterize the set of algorithms. The coordinator solves the dynamics of the entire structure and updates the static boundary state simultaneously by a quasi‐Newton procedure, which gradually formulates the condensed stiffness matrix associated with corresponding degrees of freedom. With the condensed stiffness matrix and dynamic information, a condensed equation of motion is derived and then solved by a typical time integration algorithm. Three strategies for updating the condensed stiffness matrix are incorporated into the proposed algorithms. Each adopts different stiffness matrix during the predicting and correcting stage. These algorithms are validated by two numerical substructure simulations and a hybrid test. The effectiveness and feasibility are fully demonstrated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献